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Hauptverfasser: Park, Hyerim, Hong, Jinseok, Ko, Heejeong, Woo, Woontack
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14299
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author Park, Hyerim
Hong, Jinseok
Ko, Heejeong
Woo, Woontack
author_facet Park, Hyerim
Hong, Jinseok
Ko, Heejeong
Woo, Woontack
contents Question-asking is one of the key indicators of cognitive engagement. However, understanding how the distinct psychological affordances of presentation media shape learners' spoken inquiries with embodied Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) remains limited. To systematically examine this process, we propose a 5W1H-based framework for analyzing learner questions. Using this framework, we conducted a user study comparing an Augmented Reality-based IVA (AR-IVA) deployed in the physical environment with a screen-based IVA (Video-IVA) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction. Results showed that the AR-IVA elicited higher spatial and social presence and promoted more frequent and longer questions focused on clarification and understanding. In contrast, the Video-IVA encouraged questions regarding procedural refinement. Presence acted as a selective filter, shaping the timing and topic of questions rather than as a universal mediator. These effects were significantly moderated by learners' motivational and strategic characteristics toward learning. Based on these findings, we propose design implications for IVA-supported learning systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_14299
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle What Are You Really Asking For? A Comparative 5W1H Analysis of Learner Questioning in CPR Training with IVAs in Screen-based and Augmented Reality Environments
Park, Hyerim
Hong, Jinseok
Ko, Heejeong
Woo, Woontack
Human-Computer Interaction
H.4.3; J.7; C.3
Question-asking is one of the key indicators of cognitive engagement. However, understanding how the distinct psychological affordances of presentation media shape learners' spoken inquiries with embodied Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) remains limited. To systematically examine this process, we propose a 5W1H-based framework for analyzing learner questions. Using this framework, we conducted a user study comparing an Augmented Reality-based IVA (AR-IVA) deployed in the physical environment with a screen-based IVA (Video-IVA) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instruction. Results showed that the AR-IVA elicited higher spatial and social presence and promoted more frequent and longer questions focused on clarification and understanding. In contrast, the Video-IVA encouraged questions regarding procedural refinement. Presence acted as a selective filter, shaping the timing and topic of questions rather than as a universal mediator. These effects were significantly moderated by learners' motivational and strategic characteristics toward learning. Based on these findings, we propose design implications for IVA-supported learning systems.
title What Are You Really Asking For? A Comparative 5W1H Analysis of Learner Questioning in CPR Training with IVAs in Screen-based and Augmented Reality Environments
topic Human-Computer Interaction
H.4.3; J.7; C.3
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14299