Evidence for ferroaxial order in 1T-TiSe$_2$ via elastoresistivity measurements
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Jiang, Qianni Day-Roberts, Ezra Gonzalez, Benito Das, Awadhesh Torchinsky, Darius H. Birol, Turan Fernandes, Rafael M. Fisher, Ian R. |
| author_facet | Jiang, Qianni Day-Roberts, Ezra Gonzalez, Benito Das, Awadhesh Torchinsky, Darius H. Birol, Turan Fernandes, Rafael M. Fisher, Ian R. |
| contents | The study of spontaneous symmetry breaking and electronic order is fundamental in condensed matter physics. Hidden order, symmetry-breaking states that elude conventional probes, potentially plays a crucial role in understanding complex quantum phases in a wide range of materials. Ferroaxial order, a state characterized by broken mirror symmetries while maintaining time-reversal and inversion symmetries, is one of the hidden orders that have proven most challenging to detect experimentally. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for investigating both the ferroaxial order parameter and ferroaxial susceptibility using elastoresistivity measurements. We do this for 1T-TiSe$_{2}$, a material that exhibits charge density wave order that has eluded comprehensive understanding for a long time. These measurements reveal an anomalous off-diagonal linear elastoresistivity in the CDW state. We discuss why this provides a smoking gun for ferroaxial order. Furthermore, we construct an appropriate combination of the symmetry-breaking strains $ε_{x^2-y^2}$ and $ε_{xy}$ that acts as an effective conjugate field for the ferroaxial order, and demonstrate how sweeping this effective field in the CDW state results in a hysteretic behavior of the elastoresistivity, associated with the movement of ferroaxial domain walls. Finally, we reveal a divergence of certain nonlinear elastoresistivity coefficients above the critical temperature, and discuss how this is consistent with a divergence of the ferroaxial susceptibility near T$_{\rm{CDW}}$ $\sim$ 200K. Our study also includes detailed elastocaloric measurements, which reveal the presence of an additional phase transition several tens of Kelvin below T$_{\rm{CDW}}$. Our results provide new insight into the symmetry of the ordered state in 1T-TiSe$_2$ and establish elastoresistivity as a powerful probe of hidden order and its symmetry. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_14613 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Evidence for ferroaxial order in 1T-TiSe$_2$ via elastoresistivity measurements Jiang, Qianni Day-Roberts, Ezra Gonzalez, Benito Das, Awadhesh Torchinsky, Darius H. Birol, Turan Fernandes, Rafael M. Fisher, Ian R. Strongly Correlated Electrons Materials Science The study of spontaneous symmetry breaking and electronic order is fundamental in condensed matter physics. Hidden order, symmetry-breaking states that elude conventional probes, potentially plays a crucial role in understanding complex quantum phases in a wide range of materials. Ferroaxial order, a state characterized by broken mirror symmetries while maintaining time-reversal and inversion symmetries, is one of the hidden orders that have proven most challenging to detect experimentally. Here, we demonstrate a new approach for investigating both the ferroaxial order parameter and ferroaxial susceptibility using elastoresistivity measurements. We do this for 1T-TiSe$_{2}$, a material that exhibits charge density wave order that has eluded comprehensive understanding for a long time. These measurements reveal an anomalous off-diagonal linear elastoresistivity in the CDW state. We discuss why this provides a smoking gun for ferroaxial order. Furthermore, we construct an appropriate combination of the symmetry-breaking strains $ε_{x^2-y^2}$ and $ε_{xy}$ that acts as an effective conjugate field for the ferroaxial order, and demonstrate how sweeping this effective field in the CDW state results in a hysteretic behavior of the elastoresistivity, associated with the movement of ferroaxial domain walls. Finally, we reveal a divergence of certain nonlinear elastoresistivity coefficients above the critical temperature, and discuss how this is consistent with a divergence of the ferroaxial susceptibility near T$_{\rm{CDW}}$ $\sim$ 200K. Our study also includes detailed elastocaloric measurements, which reveal the presence of an additional phase transition several tens of Kelvin below T$_{\rm{CDW}}$. Our results provide new insight into the symmetry of the ordered state in 1T-TiSe$_2$ and establish elastoresistivity as a powerful probe of hidden order and its symmetry. |
| title | Evidence for ferroaxial order in 1T-TiSe$_2$ via elastoresistivity measurements |
| topic | Strongly Correlated Electrons Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14613 |