Discrete Gaussian Free Field via Hadamard's formula

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Hedenmalm, Haakan, Mozolyako, Pavel, Panov, Daniil
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Hedenmalm, Haakan
Mozolyako, Pavel
Panov, Daniil
author_facet Hedenmalm, Haakan
Mozolyako, Pavel
Panov, Daniil
contents We present a novel way of constructing the Gaussian Free Field on a weighted graph via a dynamical expansion of the Green function along an expanding family of subgraphs. Along the way we obtain the discrete analogue of the classical Hadamard variational formula regarding the variation of the Green function under infinitesimal variations of the domain. In order to develop necessary machinery we construct expanding bases of the naturally associated energy spaces. An interesting observation is that both our discrete Hadamard variation formula and and the related construction of the discrete Gaussian Free Field are completely dimension-free and do not require smoothness of any kind. The graph model contains geometric information via the edges which supply the discrete topological information, and by conductances which give metric information. Going to a continuum limit, we would then obtain continuous version of the Hadamard variational formula and the associated Hadamard operator in e.g. fractal geometries of arbitrary dimension.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_14776
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Discrete Gaussian Free Field via Hadamard's formula
Hedenmalm, Haakan
Mozolyako, Pavel
Panov, Daniil
Probability
31C20, 60G60
We present a novel way of constructing the Gaussian Free Field on a weighted graph via a dynamical expansion of the Green function along an expanding family of subgraphs. Along the way we obtain the discrete analogue of the classical Hadamard variational formula regarding the variation of the Green function under infinitesimal variations of the domain. In order to develop necessary machinery we construct expanding bases of the naturally associated energy spaces. An interesting observation is that both our discrete Hadamard variation formula and and the related construction of the discrete Gaussian Free Field are completely dimension-free and do not require smoothness of any kind. The graph model contains geometric information via the edges which supply the discrete topological information, and by conductances which give metric information. Going to a continuum limit, we would then obtain continuous version of the Hadamard variational formula and the associated Hadamard operator in e.g. fractal geometries of arbitrary dimension.
title Discrete Gaussian Free Field via Hadamard's formula
topic Probability
31C20, 60G60
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14776