Breakdown of the isotropic asymptotic approximation in two-colour photoionisation
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2026
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| author | Rajendran, Sooraj de Lama, Miguel Benito Maroju, Praveen Kumar Di Fraia, Michele Plekan, Oksana Busto, David Makos, Ioannis Schmoll, Marvin Giannessi, Luca Allaria, Enrico Ribič, Primož Rebernik De Ninno, Giovanni Demidovich, Alexander Danailov, Miltcho Zangrando, Marco Schafer, Kenneth J. Squibb, Richard J. Feifel, Raimund Csizmadia, Tamás Frassetto, Fabio Poletto, Luca Prince, Kevin C. Mauritsson, Johan Callegari, Carlo Feist, Johannes Palacios, Alicia Sansone, Giuseppe |
| author_facet | Rajendran, Sooraj de Lama, Miguel Benito Maroju, Praveen Kumar Di Fraia, Michele Plekan, Oksana Busto, David Makos, Ioannis Schmoll, Marvin Giannessi, Luca Allaria, Enrico Ribič, Primož Rebernik De Ninno, Giovanni Demidovich, Alexander Danailov, Miltcho Zangrando, Marco Schafer, Kenneth J. Squibb, Richard J. Feifel, Raimund Csizmadia, Tamás Frassetto, Fabio Poletto, Luca Prince, Kevin C. Mauritsson, Johan Callegari, Carlo Feist, Johannes Palacios, Alicia Sansone, Giuseppe |
| contents | The Wigner delay is defined as the energy derivative of the scattering phase of a particle in a given potential, unveiling the time taken (or gained) due to the interaction. The characterisation of this delay plays a central role in attosecond science, where the time resolution allows to gain information on the time interval required for a photoelectron to be emitted into the continuum after the absorption of a single photon. Attosecond interferometric techniques, based on two-colour (extreme ultraviolet and near-infrared) photoionisation schemes, cannot provide a direct measurement of the Wigner delay, because the low-frequency photon contributes with an additional delay, which is imprinted on the outgoing photoelectron. The isolation of the Wigner delay is usually achieved by appealing to the asymptotic approximation, which assumes that the two-photon delay is separable into a Wigner and a near-infrared-induced phase and provides a universal analytical expression for the latter.
In this study, we introduce a self-referencing approach based on the implementation of non-consecutive extreme ultraviolet harmonics, in order to test the validity of the asymptotic approximation. We demonstrate its breakdown by observing a deviation of a few tens of milliradians (corresponding to a few attoseconds) between its predictions and the experimentally measured phases of the sideband oscillations generated in our scheme, in agreement with full-dimensional simulations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_15293 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Breakdown of the isotropic asymptotic approximation in two-colour photoionisation Rajendran, Sooraj de Lama, Miguel Benito Maroju, Praveen Kumar Di Fraia, Michele Plekan, Oksana Busto, David Makos, Ioannis Schmoll, Marvin Giannessi, Luca Allaria, Enrico Ribič, Primož Rebernik De Ninno, Giovanni Demidovich, Alexander Danailov, Miltcho Zangrando, Marco Schafer, Kenneth J. Squibb, Richard J. Feifel, Raimund Csizmadia, Tamás Frassetto, Fabio Poletto, Luca Prince, Kevin C. Mauritsson, Johan Callegari, Carlo Feist, Johannes Palacios, Alicia Sansone, Giuseppe Atomic Physics The Wigner delay is defined as the energy derivative of the scattering phase of a particle in a given potential, unveiling the time taken (or gained) due to the interaction. The characterisation of this delay plays a central role in attosecond science, where the time resolution allows to gain information on the time interval required for a photoelectron to be emitted into the continuum after the absorption of a single photon. Attosecond interferometric techniques, based on two-colour (extreme ultraviolet and near-infrared) photoionisation schemes, cannot provide a direct measurement of the Wigner delay, because the low-frequency photon contributes with an additional delay, which is imprinted on the outgoing photoelectron. The isolation of the Wigner delay is usually achieved by appealing to the asymptotic approximation, which assumes that the two-photon delay is separable into a Wigner and a near-infrared-induced phase and provides a universal analytical expression for the latter. In this study, we introduce a self-referencing approach based on the implementation of non-consecutive extreme ultraviolet harmonics, in order to test the validity of the asymptotic approximation. We demonstrate its breakdown by observing a deviation of a few tens of milliradians (corresponding to a few attoseconds) between its predictions and the experimentally measured phases of the sideband oscillations generated in our scheme, in agreement with full-dimensional simulations. |
| title | Breakdown of the isotropic asymptotic approximation in two-colour photoionisation |
| topic | Atomic Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15293 |