Hierarchies of direct powers, ultrapowers and cumulative powers

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Yago, Pedro Teixeira
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Yago, Pedro Teixeira
author_facet Yago, Pedro Teixeira
contents In this paper we investigate cumulative hierarchies of functions on structures, or cumulative powers, and study their properties. Particularly, we show how they extend the preservation phenomena of reduced powers, direct powers and ultrapowers by offering a characterization of the fragment of first-order theory it preserves, and elucidate the connections between the three sorts of constructions. More precisely, we show how both direct powers and ultrapowers may be obtained from cumulative powers as quotients by appropriate equivalence relations. We address how embeddability lifts from generating structures to their cumulative powers, direct powers and ultrapowers, and under what conditions ultrapowers embed into corresponding cumulative powers or direct powers. We further offer an application of the framework to show a straightforward way of constructing Conway's surreal field.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_15613
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hierarchies of direct powers, ultrapowers and cumulative powers
Yago, Pedro Teixeira
Logic
03C20, 03C98, 03C95, 03C68
In this paper we investigate cumulative hierarchies of functions on structures, or cumulative powers, and study their properties. Particularly, we show how they extend the preservation phenomena of reduced powers, direct powers and ultrapowers by offering a characterization of the fragment of first-order theory it preserves, and elucidate the connections between the three sorts of constructions. More precisely, we show how both direct powers and ultrapowers may be obtained from cumulative powers as quotients by appropriate equivalence relations. We address how embeddability lifts from generating structures to their cumulative powers, direct powers and ultrapowers, and under what conditions ultrapowers embed into corresponding cumulative powers or direct powers. We further offer an application of the framework to show a straightforward way of constructing Conway's surreal field.
title Hierarchies of direct powers, ultrapowers and cumulative powers
topic Logic
03C20, 03C98, 03C95, 03C68
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15613