A Dynamic Survey of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Plithogenic, and Extensional Sets

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Hauptverfasser: Fujita, Takaaki, Smarandache, Florentin
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Fujita, Takaaki
Smarandache, Florentin
author_facet Fujita, Takaaki
Smarandache, Florentin
contents Real-world phenomena often exhibit vagueness, partial truth, and incomplete information. To model such uncertainty in a mathematically rigorous way, many generalized set-theoretic frameworks have been introduced, including Fuzzy Sets [1], Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets [2], Neutrosophic Sets [3,4], Vague Sets [5], Hesitant Fuzzy Sets [6], Picture Fuzzy Sets [7], Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Sets [8], Penta-Partitioned Neutrosophic Sets [9], Plithogenic Sets [10], HyperFuzzy Sets [11], and HyperNeutrosophic Sets [12]. Within these frameworks, a wide range of notions has been proposed and studied, particularly in the settings of fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, neutrosophic, and plithogenic set theories. This extensive literature underscores both the significance of these theories and the breadth of their application areas. As a result, many ideas, constructions, and structural patterns recur across these four major families of uncertainty-oriented models. In this book, we provide a comprehensive, large-scale survey of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Plithogenic Sets. Our goal is to give readers a systematic overview of existing developments and, through a unified exposition, to stimulate new insights, further conceptual extensions, and additional applications across a wide range of disciplines.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_15667
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Dynamic Survey of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Plithogenic, and Extensional Sets
Fujita, Takaaki
Smarandache, Florentin
Artificial Intelligence
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
03B52, 68T27
Real-world phenomena often exhibit vagueness, partial truth, and incomplete information. To model such uncertainty in a mathematically rigorous way, many generalized set-theoretic frameworks have been introduced, including Fuzzy Sets [1], Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets [2], Neutrosophic Sets [3,4], Vague Sets [5], Hesitant Fuzzy Sets [6], Picture Fuzzy Sets [7], Quadripartitioned Neutrosophic Sets [8], Penta-Partitioned Neutrosophic Sets [9], Plithogenic Sets [10], HyperFuzzy Sets [11], and HyperNeutrosophic Sets [12]. Within these frameworks, a wide range of notions has been proposed and studied, particularly in the settings of fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, neutrosophic, and plithogenic set theories. This extensive literature underscores both the significance of these theories and the breadth of their application areas. As a result, many ideas, constructions, and structural patterns recur across these four major families of uncertainty-oriented models. In this book, we provide a comprehensive, large-scale survey of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Plithogenic Sets. Our goal is to give readers a systematic overview of existing developments and, through a unified exposition, to stimulate new insights, further conceptual extensions, and additional applications across a wide range of disciplines.
title A Dynamic Survey of Fuzzy, Intuitionistic Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Plithogenic, and Extensional Sets
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
03B52, 68T27
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15667