Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning for Semi-Supervised Crowd Instance Segmentation and Counting
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Huang, Jiyang Cheng, Hongru Lin, Wei Wan, Jia Chan, Antoni B. |
| author_facet | Huang, Jiyang Cheng, Hongru Lin, Wei Wan, Jia Chan, Antoni B. |
| contents | Semi-supervised crowd analysis is a prominent area of research, as unlabeled data are typically abundant and inexpensive to obtain. However, traditional point-based annotations constrain performance because individual regions are inherently ambiguous, and consequently, learning fine-grained structural semantics from sparse anno tations remains an unresolved challenge. In this paper, we first propose an Exclusion-Constrained Dual-Prompt SAM (EDP-SAM), based on our Nearest Neighbor Exclusion Circle (NNEC) constraint, to generate mask supervision for current datasets. With the aim of segmenting individuals in dense scenes, we then propose Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning (XMask), which enforces spatial separation through a discriminative mask objective. Gaussian smoothing and a differentiable center sampling strategy are utilized to improve feature continuity and training stability. Building on XMask, we present a semi-supervised crowd counting framework that uses instance mask priors as pseudo-labels, which contain richer shape information than traditional point cues. Extensive experiments on the ShanghaiTech A, UCF-QNRF, and JHU++ datasets (using 5%, 10%, and 40% labeled data) verify that our end-to-end model achieves state-of-the-art semi-supervised segmentation and counting performance, effectively bridging the gap between counting and instance segmentation within a unified framework. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_16241 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning for Semi-Supervised Crowd Instance Segmentation and Counting Huang, Jiyang Cheng, Hongru Lin, Wei Wan, Jia Chan, Antoni B. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Semi-supervised crowd analysis is a prominent area of research, as unlabeled data are typically abundant and inexpensive to obtain. However, traditional point-based annotations constrain performance because individual regions are inherently ambiguous, and consequently, learning fine-grained structural semantics from sparse anno tations remains an unresolved challenge. In this paper, we first propose an Exclusion-Constrained Dual-Prompt SAM (EDP-SAM), based on our Nearest Neighbor Exclusion Circle (NNEC) constraint, to generate mask supervision for current datasets. With the aim of segmenting individuals in dense scenes, we then propose Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning (XMask), which enforces spatial separation through a discriminative mask objective. Gaussian smoothing and a differentiable center sampling strategy are utilized to improve feature continuity and training stability. Building on XMask, we present a semi-supervised crowd counting framework that uses instance mask priors as pseudo-labels, which contain richer shape information than traditional point cues. Extensive experiments on the ShanghaiTech A, UCF-QNRF, and JHU++ datasets (using 5%, 10%, and 40% labeled data) verify that our end-to-end model achieves state-of-the-art semi-supervised segmentation and counting performance, effectively bridging the gap between counting and instance segmentation within a unified framework. |
| title | Exclusivity-Guided Mask Learning for Semi-Supervised Crowd Instance Segmentation and Counting |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16241 |