Open vs. Sealed: Auction Format Choice for Maximal Extractable Value

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Hauptverfasser: Adadurov, Aleksei, Barseghyan, Sergey, Chtepine, Anton, Eloranta, Antero, Sebyakin, Andrei, Valitov, Arsenii
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Adadurov, Aleksei
Barseghyan, Sergey
Chtepine, Anton
Eloranta, Antero
Sebyakin, Andrei
Valitov, Arsenii
author_facet Adadurov, Aleksei
Barseghyan, Sergey
Chtepine, Anton
Eloranta, Antero
Sebyakin, Andrei
Valitov, Arsenii
contents We study optimal auction design for Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) auction markets on Ethereum. Using a dataset of 2.2 million transactions across three major orderflow providers, we establish three empirical regularities: extracted values follow a log-normal distribution with extreme right-tail concentration, competition intensity varies substantially across MEV types, and the standard Revenue Equivalence Theorem breaks down due to affiliation among searchers' valuations. We model this affiliation through a Gaussian common factor, deriving equilibrium bidding strategies and expected revenues for five auction formats, first-price sealed-bid, second-price sealed-bid, English, Dutch, and all-pay, across a fine grid of bidder counts $n$ and affiliation parameters $ρ$. Our simulations confirm the Milgrom-Weber linkage principle: English and second-price sealed-bid auctions strictly dominate Dutch and first-price sealed-bid formats for any $ρ> 0$, with a linkage gap of 14-28\% at moderate affiliation ($ρ=0.5$) and up to 30\% for small bidder counts. Applied to observed bribe totals, this gap corresponds to \$10-18 million in foregone revenue over the sample period. We also document a novel non-monotonicity: at large $n$ and high $ρ$, revenue peaks in the interior of the affiliation parameter space and declines thereafter, as near-perfect correlation collapses the order-statistic spread that drives competitive payments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_16333
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Open vs. Sealed: Auction Format Choice for Maximal Extractable Value
Adadurov, Aleksei
Barseghyan, Sergey
Chtepine, Anton
Eloranta, Antero
Sebyakin, Andrei
Valitov, Arsenii
Trading and Market Microstructure
We study optimal auction design for Maximum Extractable Value (MEV) auction markets on Ethereum. Using a dataset of 2.2 million transactions across three major orderflow providers, we establish three empirical regularities: extracted values follow a log-normal distribution with extreme right-tail concentration, competition intensity varies substantially across MEV types, and the standard Revenue Equivalence Theorem breaks down due to affiliation among searchers' valuations. We model this affiliation through a Gaussian common factor, deriving equilibrium bidding strategies and expected revenues for five auction formats, first-price sealed-bid, second-price sealed-bid, English, Dutch, and all-pay, across a fine grid of bidder counts $n$ and affiliation parameters $ρ$. Our simulations confirm the Milgrom-Weber linkage principle: English and second-price sealed-bid auctions strictly dominate Dutch and first-price sealed-bid formats for any $ρ> 0$, with a linkage gap of 14-28\% at moderate affiliation ($ρ=0.5$) and up to 30\% for small bidder counts. Applied to observed bribe totals, this gap corresponds to \$10-18 million in foregone revenue over the sample period. We also document a novel non-monotonicity: at large $n$ and high $ρ$, revenue peaks in the interior of the affiliation parameter space and declines thereafter, as near-perfect correlation collapses the order-statistic spread that drives competitive payments.
title Open vs. Sealed: Auction Format Choice for Maximal Extractable Value
topic Trading and Market Microstructure
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16333