The immediate effect of kangaroo mother care on Mother-infant inter-brain synchrony and infant brain function
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917350025986048 |
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| author | Liu, Yu Xu, Jiayang Wang, Tianzi Shi, Zichen Chen, Xiang Kong, Yanting Chen, Lianli Sha, Sha Tong, Shanbao Dong, Chuhan Wang, Guanghai Guo, Xiaoli Bei, Fei |
| author_facet | Liu, Yu Xu, Jiayang Wang, Tianzi Shi, Zichen Chen, Xiang Kong, Yanting Chen, Lianli Sha, Sha Tong, Shanbao Dong, Chuhan Wang, Guanghai Guo, Xiaoli Bei, Fei |
| contents | Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an intervention involving skin-to-skin contact that promotes physiological stability and supports long-term neurodevelopment in preterm infants. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the immediate effects of the first KMC on infants' brain function, mother-infant inter-brain synchrony, as well as their associations. Fifty-eight preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks or birth weight < 1500 g) and their mothers underwent synchronous dual-electroencephalography recording before and during the first KMC session. Infant brain function was assessed via power spectrum energy and graph theory-based network metrics, and mother-infant inter-brain synchrony was quantified using phase-locking value (PLV), from which inter-brain density and inter-brain strength were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed between infant intra-brain metrics and inter-brain synchrony indicators.During the first KMC, preterm infants showed enhanced theta, alpha, and beta power alongside reduced relative delta power, while brain network topological metrics remained stable. Concurrently, mother-infant inter-brain synchrony was significantly enhanced across all frequency bands, as evidenced by increased inter-brain density and strength (all p < .001). Furthermore, in the alpha band, inter-brain strength correlated positively with infant local efficiency and clustering coefficient, and in the beta band, it was positively correlated with infant small-worldness. The first KMC session can immediately enhance both preterm infant single-brain activity and mother-infant inter-brain synchrony. The strength of inter-brain synchrony is associated with the infant's intra-brain network organization, suggesting that KMC may promote intra-brain development in preterm infants via enhancing mother-infant inter-brain synchrony. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_16501 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The immediate effect of kangaroo mother care on Mother-infant inter-brain synchrony and infant brain function Liu, Yu Xu, Jiayang Wang, Tianzi Shi, Zichen Chen, Xiang Kong, Yanting Chen, Lianli Sha, Sha Tong, Shanbao Dong, Chuhan Wang, Guanghai Guo, Xiaoli Bei, Fei Neurons and Cognition Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is an intervention involving skin-to-skin contact that promotes physiological stability and supports long-term neurodevelopment in preterm infants. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the immediate effects of the first KMC on infants' brain function, mother-infant inter-brain synchrony, as well as their associations. Fifty-eight preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks or birth weight < 1500 g) and their mothers underwent synchronous dual-electroencephalography recording before and during the first KMC session. Infant brain function was assessed via power spectrum energy and graph theory-based network metrics, and mother-infant inter-brain synchrony was quantified using phase-locking value (PLV), from which inter-brain density and inter-brain strength were calculated. Correlation analyses were performed between infant intra-brain metrics and inter-brain synchrony indicators.During the first KMC, preterm infants showed enhanced theta, alpha, and beta power alongside reduced relative delta power, while brain network topological metrics remained stable. Concurrently, mother-infant inter-brain synchrony was significantly enhanced across all frequency bands, as evidenced by increased inter-brain density and strength (all p < .001). Furthermore, in the alpha band, inter-brain strength correlated positively with infant local efficiency and clustering coefficient, and in the beta band, it was positively correlated with infant small-worldness. The first KMC session can immediately enhance both preterm infant single-brain activity and mother-infant inter-brain synchrony. The strength of inter-brain synchrony is associated with the infant's intra-brain network organization, suggesting that KMC may promote intra-brain development in preterm infants via enhancing mother-infant inter-brain synchrony. |
| title | The immediate effect of kangaroo mother care on Mother-infant inter-brain synchrony and infant brain function |
| topic | Neurons and Cognition |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16501 |