Conditional Distributional Treatment Effects: Doubly Robust Estimation and Testing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Jain, Saksham, Luedtke, Alex
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Jain, Saksham
Luedtke, Alex
author_facet Jain, Saksham
Luedtke, Alex
contents Beyond conditional average treatment effects, treatments may impact the entire outcome distribution in covariate-dependent ways, for example, by altering the variance or tail risks for specific subpopulations. We propose a novel estimand to capture such conditional distributional treatment effects, and develop a doubly robust estimator that is minimax optimal in the local asymptotic sense. Using this, we develop a test for the global homogeneity of conditional potential outcome distributions that accommodates discrepancies beyond the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), has provably valid type 1 error, and is consistent against fixed alternatives -- the first test, to our knowledge, with such guarantees in this setting. Furthermore, we derive exact closed-form expressions for two natural discrepancies (including the MMD), and provide a computationally efficient, permutation-free algorithm for our test.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_16829
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Conditional Distributional Treatment Effects: Doubly Robust Estimation and Testing
Jain, Saksham
Luedtke, Alex
Machine Learning
Statistics Theory
Methodology
Beyond conditional average treatment effects, treatments may impact the entire outcome distribution in covariate-dependent ways, for example, by altering the variance or tail risks for specific subpopulations. We propose a novel estimand to capture such conditional distributional treatment effects, and develop a doubly robust estimator that is minimax optimal in the local asymptotic sense. Using this, we develop a test for the global homogeneity of conditional potential outcome distributions that accommodates discrepancies beyond the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), has provably valid type 1 error, and is consistent against fixed alternatives -- the first test, to our knowledge, with such guarantees in this setting. Furthermore, we derive exact closed-form expressions for two natural discrepancies (including the MMD), and provide a computationally efficient, permutation-free algorithm for our test.
title Conditional Distributional Treatment Effects: Doubly Robust Estimation and Testing
topic Machine Learning
Statistics Theory
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.16829