What Shape is the Inflationary Bispectrum?

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Philcox, Oliver H. E.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Philcox, Oliver H. E.
author_facet Philcox, Oliver H. E.
contents Non-linear interactions during inflation generate non-Gaussianities in the distribution of primordial curvature. In many theories, the physics is scale-invariant, such that the induced three-point function depends solely on a dimensionless shape function $S(x,y)\sim k^6B_ζ(kx,ky,k)$. To confront such models with observations, one typically builds specialized estimators for each shape, then applies them to cosmic microwave background datasets at significant computational expense. In this Letter, we take a different approach, directly reconstructing $S(x,y)$ from observations using an efficient logarithmically-binned estimator in primordial-space (motivated by the modal program). Applying this to temperature and polarization maps from Planck, we obtain high-resolution shape measurements across the full $(x,y)$-plane, including squeezed limits. Our approach is close-to-optimal, highly interpretable, and preserves the information content on (optimally-analyzed) standard templates within $\approx 10\%$; moreover, we can use it to assess the scale-dependence of our constraints, finding that Planck is sensitive to $\approx 6$ $e$-folds of non-Gaussian evolution with a peak sensitivity around $0.1h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. Since we work directly in shape-space, data and theory can be compared in milliseconds. As an example, we perform a search for massive particle exchange using a suite of over $20\,000$ theoretical templates computed with exact bootstrap methods (for the first time) across a wide range of masses, spins, and sound-speeds; the spin-two analysis yields a maximum significance of $2.6σ$. Our approach can be used to probe a wide range of scale-invariant models in orders-of-magnitude less time than with direct estimators, allowing the inflationary paradigm to be explored in new ways.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_17004
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle What Shape is the Inflationary Bispectrum?
Philcox, Oliver H. E.
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Non-linear interactions during inflation generate non-Gaussianities in the distribution of primordial curvature. In many theories, the physics is scale-invariant, such that the induced three-point function depends solely on a dimensionless shape function $S(x,y)\sim k^6B_ζ(kx,ky,k)$. To confront such models with observations, one typically builds specialized estimators for each shape, then applies them to cosmic microwave background datasets at significant computational expense. In this Letter, we take a different approach, directly reconstructing $S(x,y)$ from observations using an efficient logarithmically-binned estimator in primordial-space (motivated by the modal program). Applying this to temperature and polarization maps from Planck, we obtain high-resolution shape measurements across the full $(x,y)$-plane, including squeezed limits. Our approach is close-to-optimal, highly interpretable, and preserves the information content on (optimally-analyzed) standard templates within $\approx 10\%$; moreover, we can use it to assess the scale-dependence of our constraints, finding that Planck is sensitive to $\approx 6$ $e$-folds of non-Gaussian evolution with a peak sensitivity around $0.1h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. Since we work directly in shape-space, data and theory can be compared in milliseconds. As an example, we perform a search for massive particle exchange using a suite of over $20\,000$ theoretical templates computed with exact bootstrap methods (for the first time) across a wide range of masses, spins, and sound-speeds; the spin-two analysis yields a maximum significance of $2.6σ$. Our approach can be used to probe a wide range of scale-invariant models in orders-of-magnitude less time than with direct estimators, allowing the inflationary paradigm to be explored in new ways.
title What Shape is the Inflationary Bispectrum?
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17004