Forecasting Sensitivity to Modified Dispersion Effects in Pulsar Timing Arrays
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918395370274816 |
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| author | Grée, Jonathan Liang, Qiuyue Ferreira, Elisa G. M. |
| author_facet | Grée, Jonathan Liang, Qiuyue Ferreira, Elisa G. M. |
| contents | The pulsar timing array systems have reported a detection of a nanohertz-band stochastic gravitational wave background in our galaxy. It is of interest to use this observation to probe modified gravity and to forecast the sensitivity with which certain deviations can be tested in the coming years. In this paper, we focus on the modified dispersion relation of the tensor modes and its effect on the overlap reduction function of the timing residual cross-correlations. We perform a comprehensive forecast of the phase velocity uncertainty, $σ_v$, using a Fisher analysis validated by a mock-data study to account for potential non-Gaussian behavior. We also take into account the sample variance effect and provide an observational timeline for future PTA sensitivity: detecting a $10\%$ or $-1\%$ deviation from the speed of light at the $3σ$ level requires $\mathcal{O}(30)$ years of observations. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_17563 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Forecasting Sensitivity to Modified Dispersion Effects in Pulsar Timing Arrays Grée, Jonathan Liang, Qiuyue Ferreira, Elisa G. M. Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology The pulsar timing array systems have reported a detection of a nanohertz-band stochastic gravitational wave background in our galaxy. It is of interest to use this observation to probe modified gravity and to forecast the sensitivity with which certain deviations can be tested in the coming years. In this paper, we focus on the modified dispersion relation of the tensor modes and its effect on the overlap reduction function of the timing residual cross-correlations. We perform a comprehensive forecast of the phase velocity uncertainty, $σ_v$, using a Fisher analysis validated by a mock-data study to account for potential non-Gaussian behavior. We also take into account the sample variance effect and provide an observational timeline for future PTA sensitivity: detecting a $10\%$ or $-1\%$ deviation from the speed of light at the $3σ$ level requires $\mathcal{O}(30)$ years of observations. |
| title | Forecasting Sensitivity to Modified Dispersion Effects in Pulsar Timing Arrays |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17563 |