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Main Authors:	Balibrea-Correa, J., Lerendegui-Marco, J., Domingo-Pardo, C., Babiano-Suarez, V., Ladarescu, I., Krtivcka, M., Cescutti, G., Cristallo, S., Vescovi, D., Liu, N., Maugeri, E. A., Köster, U., M\önch, I., Casanovas, A., Alcayne, V., Cano-Ott, D., Mendoza, E., Aberle, O., Andrzejewski, J., Altieri, S., Amaducci, S., Bacak, M., Beltrami, C., Bennett, S., Bernardes, A. P., Berthoumieux, E., Beyer, R., Boromiza, M., Bosnar, D., Caamaño, M., Calviño, F., Calviani, M., Castelluccio, D. M., Cerutti, F., Chasapoglou, S., Chiaveri, E., Colombetti, P., Colonna, N., Camprini, P. Console, Cortés, G., Cortés-Giraldo, M. A., Cosentino, L., Dellmann, S. F., Diakaki, M., Di Castro, M., Dietz, M., Di Maria, S., Dressler, R., Dupont, E., Durán, I., Eleme, Z., Fargier, S., Fernández, B., Fernández-Domínguez, B., Finocchiaro, P., Fiore, S., Furman, V., García-Infantes, F., Gawlik-Ramikega, A., Gervino, G., Gilardoni, S., González-Romero, E., Guerrero, C., Gunsing, F., Gustavino, C., Heyse, J., Hillman, W., Jenkins, D. G., Jericha, E., Junghans, A., Kadi, Y., Kaperoni, K., Kaur, G., Kimura, A., Knapová, I., Kokkoris, M., Kopatch, Y., Kyritsis, N., Lederer-Woods, C., Lerner, G., Manna, A., Martínez, T., Masi, A., Massimi, C., Mastinu, P., Mastromarco, M., Mazzone, A., Mengoni, A., Michalopoulou, V., Milazzo, P. M., Mucciola, R., Murtas, F., González, E. Musacchio, Musumarra, A., Negret, A., Patronis, N., Pavón, J. A., Pellegriti, M. G., Pérez-Maroto, P., Fiol, A. Pérez de Rada, Perkowski, J., Petrone, C., Pirovano, E., del Olmo, J. Plaza, Pomp, S., Porras, I., Praena, J., Quesada, J. M., Reifarth, R., Rochman, D., Romanets, Y., Rubbia, C., Sánchez-Caballero, A., Sabaté-Gilarte, M., Schillebeeckx, P., Schumann, D., Sekhar, A., Smith, A. G., Sosnin, N. V., Stamati, M. E., Sturniolo, A., Tagliente, G., Tarifeñoo-Saldivia, A., Tarrío, D., Torres-Sánchez, P., Urlass, S., Vagena, E., Valenta, S., Variale, V., Vaz, P., Vecchio, G., Vlachoudis, V., Vlastou, R., Wallner, A., Woods, P. J., Wright, T., Zarrella, R., Zugec, P., Collaboration, The n\_TOF
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	Nuclear Experiment
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17646
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_version_	1866914405993676800
author	Balibrea-Correa, J. Lerendegui-Marco, J. Domingo-Pardo, C. Babiano-Suarez, V. Ladarescu, I. Krtivcka, M. Cescutti, G. Cristallo, S. Vescovi, D. Liu, N. Maugeri, E. A. Köster, U. M\önch, I. Casanovas, A. Alcayne, V. Cano-Ott, D. Mendoza, E. Aberle, O. Andrzejewski, J. Altieri, S. Amaducci, S. Bacak, M. Beltrami, C. Bennett, S. Bernardes, A. P. Berthoumieux, E. Beyer, R. Boromiza, M. Bosnar, D. Caamaño, M. Calviño, F. Calviani, M. Castelluccio, D. M. Cerutti, F. Chasapoglou, S. Chiaveri, E. Colombetti, P. Colonna, N. Camprini, P. Console Cortés, G. Cortés-Giraldo, M. A. Cosentino, L. Dellmann, S. F. Diakaki, M. Di Castro, M. Dietz, M. Di Maria, S. Dressler, R. Dupont, E. Durán, I. Eleme, Z. Fargier, S. Fernández, B. Fernández-Domínguez, B. Finocchiaro, P. Fiore, S. Furman, V. García-Infantes, F. Gawlik-Ramikega, A. Gervino, G. Gilardoni, S. González-Romero, E. Guerrero, C. Gunsing, F. Gustavino, C. Heyse, J. Hillman, W. Jenkins, D. G. Jericha, E. Junghans, A. Kadi, Y. Kaperoni, K. Kaur, G. Kimura, A. Knapová, I. Kokkoris, M. Kopatch, Y. Kyritsis, N. Lederer-Woods, C. Lerner, G. Manna, A. Martínez, T. Masi, A. Massimi, C. Mastinu, P. Mastromarco, M. Mazzone, A. Mengoni, A. Michalopoulou, V. Milazzo, P. M. Mucciola, R. Murtas, F. González, E. Musacchio Musumarra, A. Negret, A. Patronis, N. Pavón, J. A. Pellegriti, M. G. Pérez-Maroto, P. Fiol, A. Pérez de Rada Perkowski, J. Petrone, C. Pirovano, E. del Olmo, J. Plaza Pomp, S. Porras, I. Praena, J. Quesada, J. M. Reifarth, R. Rochman, D. Romanets, Y. Rubbia, C. Sánchez-Caballero, A. Sabaté-Gilarte, M. Schillebeeckx, P. Schumann, D. Sekhar, A. Smith, A. G. Sosnin, N. V. Stamati, M. E. Sturniolo, A. Tagliente, G. Tarifeñoo-Saldivia, A. Tarrío, D. Torres-Sánchez, P. Urlass, S. Vagena, E. Valenta, S. Variale, V. Vaz, P. Vecchio, G. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Wallner, A. Woods, P. J. Wright, T. Zarrella, R. Zugec, P. Collaboration, The n\_TOF
author_facet	Balibrea-Correa, J. Lerendegui-Marco, J. Domingo-Pardo, C. Babiano-Suarez, V. Ladarescu, I. Krtivcka, M. Cescutti, G. Cristallo, S. Vescovi, D. Liu, N. Maugeri, E. A. Köster, U. M\önch, I. Casanovas, A. Alcayne, V. Cano-Ott, D. Mendoza, E. Aberle, O. Andrzejewski, J. Altieri, S. Amaducci, S. Bacak, M. Beltrami, C. Bennett, S. Bernardes, A. P. Berthoumieux, E. Beyer, R. Boromiza, M. Bosnar, D. Caamaño, M. Calviño, F. Calviani, M. Castelluccio, D. M. Cerutti, F. Chasapoglou, S. Chiaveri, E. Colombetti, P. Colonna, N. Camprini, P. Console Cortés, G. Cortés-Giraldo, M. A. Cosentino, L. Dellmann, S. F. Diakaki, M. Di Castro, M. Dietz, M. Di Maria, S. Dressler, R. Dupont, E. Durán, I. Eleme, Z. Fargier, S. Fernández, B. Fernández-Domínguez, B. Finocchiaro, P. Fiore, S. Furman, V. García-Infantes, F. Gawlik-Ramikega, A. Gervino, G. Gilardoni, S. González-Romero, E. Guerrero, C. Gunsing, F. Gustavino, C. Heyse, J. Hillman, W. Jenkins, D. G. Jericha, E. Junghans, A. Kadi, Y. Kaperoni, K. Kaur, G. Kimura, A. Knapová, I. Kokkoris, M. Kopatch, Y. Kyritsis, N. Lederer-Woods, C. Lerner, G. Manna, A. Martínez, T. Masi, A. Massimi, C. Mastinu, P. Mastromarco, M. Mazzone, A. Mengoni, A. Michalopoulou, V. Milazzo, P. M. Mucciola, R. Murtas, F. González, E. Musacchio Musumarra, A. Negret, A. Patronis, N. Pavón, J. A. Pellegriti, M. G. Pérez-Maroto, P. Fiol, A. Pérez de Rada Perkowski, J. Petrone, C. Pirovano, E. del Olmo, J. Plaza Pomp, S. Porras, I. Praena, J. Quesada, J. M. Reifarth, R. Rochman, D. Romanets, Y. Rubbia, C. Sánchez-Caballero, A. Sabaté-Gilarte, M. Schillebeeckx, P. Schumann, D. Sekhar, A. Smith, A. G. Sosnin, N. V. Stamati, M. E. Sturniolo, A. Tagliente, G. Tarifeñoo-Saldivia, A. Tarrío, D. Torres-Sánchez, P. Urlass, S. Vagena, E. Valenta, S. Variale, V. Vaz, P. Vecchio, G. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Wallner, A. Woods, P. J. Wright, T. Zarrella, R. Zugec, P. Collaboration, The n\_TOF
contents	Isotopic measurements of presolar silicon carbide grains from dying stars have revealed a puzzling overabundance of $^{94}$Mo that stellar nucleosynthesis models have failed to reproduce for two decades. This discrepancy challenged our understanding of the slow neutron-capture process ($s$-process) that forges approximately half of the elements heavier than iron. The key uncertainty lies at $^{94}$Nb, a radiactive branching point where competition between neutron capture and beta decay governs the $^{94}$Mo production, yet the neutron-capture cross section had never been measured. Here we report the first experimental determination of the $^{94}$Nb(n,$γ$)$^{95}$Nb cross section important for Mo isotopic abundances. The measurement was enabled by a coordinated effort involving high-purity target preparation at Institute of Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, radioactive sample production at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) Grenoble, radiochemical characterization at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Villigen, and the Time-of-Flight CERN n$\_$TOF facility using for the first time segmented total-energy detectors. Incorporation of the resulting Maxwellian-averaged cross section into fully coupled nucleosynthesis models of low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars brings them into agreement with the presolar grain data. These results remove a major nuclear-physics input uncertainty at the $^{94}$Nb branching point and provide a firmer foundation for understanding the origin of $^{94}$Mo in the solar system.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_17646
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	First $^{94}$Nb($n,γ$) Measurement: Constraining the Nucleosynthetic Origin of $^{94}$Mo in Presolar Grains Balibrea-Correa, J. Lerendegui-Marco, J. Domingo-Pardo, C. Babiano-Suarez, V. Ladarescu, I. Krtivcka, M. Cescutti, G. Cristallo, S. Vescovi, D. Liu, N. Maugeri, E. A. Köster, U. M\önch, I. Casanovas, A. Alcayne, V. Cano-Ott, D. Mendoza, E. Aberle, O. Andrzejewski, J. Altieri, S. Amaducci, S. Bacak, M. Beltrami, C. Bennett, S. Bernardes, A. P. Berthoumieux, E. Beyer, R. Boromiza, M. Bosnar, D. Caamaño, M. Calviño, F. Calviani, M. Castelluccio, D. M. Cerutti, F. Chasapoglou, S. Chiaveri, E. Colombetti, P. Colonna, N. Camprini, P. Console Cortés, G. Cortés-Giraldo, M. A. Cosentino, L. Dellmann, S. F. Diakaki, M. Di Castro, M. Dietz, M. Di Maria, S. Dressler, R. Dupont, E. Durán, I. Eleme, Z. Fargier, S. Fernández, B. Fernández-Domínguez, B. Finocchiaro, P. Fiore, S. Furman, V. García-Infantes, F. Gawlik-Ramikega, A. Gervino, G. Gilardoni, S. González-Romero, E. Guerrero, C. Gunsing, F. Gustavino, C. Heyse, J. Hillman, W. Jenkins, D. G. Jericha, E. Junghans, A. Kadi, Y. Kaperoni, K. Kaur, G. Kimura, A. Knapová, I. Kokkoris, M. Kopatch, Y. Kyritsis, N. Lederer-Woods, C. Lerner, G. Manna, A. Martínez, T. Masi, A. Massimi, C. Mastinu, P. Mastromarco, M. Mazzone, A. Mengoni, A. Michalopoulou, V. Milazzo, P. M. Mucciola, R. Murtas, F. González, E. Musacchio Musumarra, A. Negret, A. Patronis, N. Pavón, J. A. Pellegriti, M. G. Pérez-Maroto, P. Fiol, A. Pérez de Rada Perkowski, J. Petrone, C. Pirovano, E. del Olmo, J. Plaza Pomp, S. Porras, I. Praena, J. Quesada, J. M. Reifarth, R. Rochman, D. Romanets, Y. Rubbia, C. Sánchez-Caballero, A. Sabaté-Gilarte, M. Schillebeeckx, P. Schumann, D. Sekhar, A. Smith, A. G. Sosnin, N. V. Stamati, M. E. Sturniolo, A. Tagliente, G. Tarifeñoo-Saldivia, A. Tarrío, D. Torres-Sánchez, P. Urlass, S. Vagena, E. Valenta, S. Variale, V. Vaz, P. Vecchio, G. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Wallner, A. Woods, P. J. Wright, T. Zarrella, R. Zugec, P. Collaboration, The n\_TOF Nuclear Experiment Isotopic measurements of presolar silicon carbide grains from dying stars have revealed a puzzling overabundance of $^{94}$Mo that stellar nucleosynthesis models have failed to reproduce for two decades. This discrepancy challenged our understanding of the slow neutron-capture process ($s$-process) that forges approximately half of the elements heavier than iron. The key uncertainty lies at $^{94}$Nb, a radiactive branching point where competition between neutron capture and beta decay governs the $^{94}$Mo production, yet the neutron-capture cross section had never been measured. Here we report the first experimental determination of the $^{94}$Nb(n,$γ$)$^{95}$Nb cross section important for Mo isotopic abundances. The measurement was enabled by a coordinated effort involving high-purity target preparation at Institute of Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, radioactive sample production at the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) Grenoble, radiochemical characterization at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Villigen, and the Time-of-Flight CERN n$\_$TOF facility using for the first time segmented total-energy detectors. Incorporation of the resulting Maxwellian-averaged cross section into fully coupled nucleosynthesis models of low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars brings them into agreement with the presolar grain data. These results remove a major nuclear-physics input uncertainty at the $^{94}$Nb branching point and provide a firmer foundation for understanding the origin of $^{94}$Mo in the solar system.
title	First $^{94}$Nb($n,γ$) Measurement: Constraining the Nucleosynthetic Origin of $^{94}$Mo in Presolar Grains
topic	Nuclear Experiment
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17646

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