Hydrodynamics of dilation and spin currents
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | |
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| _version_ | 1866918395457306624 |
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| author | Zhang, Zhong-Hua Lv, Xi-Hu Huang, Xu-Guang |
| author_facet | Zhang, Zhong-Hua Lv, Xi-Hu Huang, Xu-Guang |
| contents | We formulate a relativistic hydrodynamic theory for fluids with spin and intrinsic dilation charges. Using an entropy-current analysis, we derive constitutive relations featuring a bulk viscosity and a dilation conductivity governing the relaxation and diffusion of dilation charge. Linear mode analysis reveals a gapped dilation excitation and the freeze-out of long-wavelength sound modes, similar to the superhorizon modes in cosmology. In the nonrelativistic limit, the theory reduces to that of microstretch fluids. Upon coupling to electromagnetic field, we show that the scale anomaly permits additional contributions in the electric current, dilation current, and energy-momentum tensor. Our theory naturally applies to nearly conformal fluids undergoing rapid expansion or contraction. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_17794 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Hydrodynamics of dilation and spin currents Zhang, Zhong-Hua Lv, Xi-Hu Huang, Xu-Guang High Energy Physics - Theory Soft Condensed Matter High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory Fluid Dynamics We formulate a relativistic hydrodynamic theory for fluids with spin and intrinsic dilation charges. Using an entropy-current analysis, we derive constitutive relations featuring a bulk viscosity and a dilation conductivity governing the relaxation and diffusion of dilation charge. Linear mode analysis reveals a gapped dilation excitation and the freeze-out of long-wavelength sound modes, similar to the superhorizon modes in cosmology. In the nonrelativistic limit, the theory reduces to that of microstretch fluids. Upon coupling to electromagnetic field, we show that the scale anomaly permits additional contributions in the electric current, dilation current, and energy-momentum tensor. Our theory naturally applies to nearly conformal fluids undergoing rapid expansion or contraction. |
| title | Hydrodynamics of dilation and spin currents |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Theory Soft Condensed Matter High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Nuclear Theory Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17794 |