Bivariate deconvolution for cancer detection after surgery

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Senar, Nuria, Makrodimitris, Stavros, Hof, Michel H., Verhoef, Cornelis, Wilting, Saskia M., van de Wiel, Mark A.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Senar, Nuria
Makrodimitris, Stavros
Hof, Michel H.
Verhoef, Cornelis
Wilting, Saskia M.
van de Wiel, Mark A.
author_facet Senar, Nuria
Makrodimitris, Stavros
Hof, Michel H.
Verhoef, Cornelis
Wilting, Saskia M.
van de Wiel, Mark A.
contents Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in cancer patients after surgery can provide an early marker for disease recurrence and guide subsequent treatment decisions. Accurate and sensitive estimation of tumour burden after cancer surgery may be obtained through liq- uid biopsies, measuring circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) using, for example, mutation-based Variant Allele Frequency (VAF) values. However, to be applicable to all patients this ei- ther requires tumour-informed, patient-specific mutation panels or sensitive, tumour-agnostic genome-wide measurements. We propose a solution that accounts for patient-specific charac- teristics in genome-wide screens. For that, we introduce a bivariate deconvolution model to estimate tumour proportion from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profiles of patients before and after surgery. The observations are modelled as a convolution of two bivariate latent variables, corresponding to tumour and background signals, mixed by the tumour proportion at each measurement. This bivariate approach links pre- and post-surgery measurements improving estimation of the tumour proportion after surgery, when the tumour signal is potentially very weak, or absent. We approximate likelihood of the convolution through a discretisation of the bivariate density for each latent variable into a two-dimensional grid for each pair of observations which allows for fast maximum likelihood estimation. We evaluate the predictive performance of the estimated post-surgery tumour proportions based on cfDNA methylation against available mutation-based VAF values in one-year recurrence-free survival.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_17864
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bivariate deconvolution for cancer detection after surgery
Senar, Nuria
Makrodimitris, Stavros
Hof, Michel H.
Verhoef, Cornelis
Wilting, Saskia M.
van de Wiel, Mark A.
Methodology
Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in cancer patients after surgery can provide an early marker for disease recurrence and guide subsequent treatment decisions. Accurate and sensitive estimation of tumour burden after cancer surgery may be obtained through liq- uid biopsies, measuring circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) using, for example, mutation-based Variant Allele Frequency (VAF) values. However, to be applicable to all patients this ei- ther requires tumour-informed, patient-specific mutation panels or sensitive, tumour-agnostic genome-wide measurements. We propose a solution that accounts for patient-specific charac- teristics in genome-wide screens. For that, we introduce a bivariate deconvolution model to estimate tumour proportion from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profiles of patients before and after surgery. The observations are modelled as a convolution of two bivariate latent variables, corresponding to tumour and background signals, mixed by the tumour proportion at each measurement. This bivariate approach links pre- and post-surgery measurements improving estimation of the tumour proportion after surgery, when the tumour signal is potentially very weak, or absent. We approximate likelihood of the convolution through a discretisation of the bivariate density for each latent variable into a two-dimensional grid for each pair of observations which allows for fast maximum likelihood estimation. We evaluate the predictive performance of the estimated post-surgery tumour proportions based on cfDNA methylation against available mutation-based VAF values in one-year recurrence-free survival.
title Bivariate deconvolution for cancer detection after surgery
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17864