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Main Authors: Xie, Qing-Xing, Lin, Zidong, Liu, Yun-Long, Zhao, Yan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17953
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author Xie, Qing-Xing
Lin, Zidong
Liu, Yun-Long
Zhao, Yan
author_facet Xie, Qing-Xing
Lin, Zidong
Liu, Yun-Long
Zhao, Yan
contents This paper introduces Witnessed Quantum Time Evolution (WQTE), a novel quantum algorithm for efficiently computing the eigen-energy spectra of arbitrary quantum systems without requiring eigenstate preparation-a key limitation of conventional approaches. By leveraging a single ancillary qubit to control real-time evolution operators and employing Fourier analysis, WQTE enables parallel resolution of multiple eigen-energies. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the algorithm achieves Heisenberg-limited precision and operates with only a non-zero wavefunction overlap between the reference state and target eigenstates, significantly reducing initialization complexity. Numerical simulations validate the algorithm's effectiveness in molecular systems (e.g., H4 chains) and lattice models (e.g., Heisenberg spin systems), confirming that computational error scales inversely with maximum evolution time while maintaining robustness against sampling errors and quantum noise. Experimental implementation on an NMR quantum processor further verifies its feasibility in real-world noisy environments. Compared to existing quantum algorithms (e.g., VQE, QPE and their variants), WQTE exhibits superior circuit depth efficiency, resource economy, and noise resilience, making it a promising solution for eigen-energy computation on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_17953
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beyond VQE and QPE: A Noise- and Sampling-Error-Tolerant Quantum Algorithm with Heisenberg-Limited Precision
Xie, Qing-Xing
Lin, Zidong
Liu, Yun-Long
Zhao, Yan
Quantum Physics
This paper introduces Witnessed Quantum Time Evolution (WQTE), a novel quantum algorithm for efficiently computing the eigen-energy spectra of arbitrary quantum systems without requiring eigenstate preparation-a key limitation of conventional approaches. By leveraging a single ancillary qubit to control real-time evolution operators and employing Fourier analysis, WQTE enables parallel resolution of multiple eigen-energies. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the algorithm achieves Heisenberg-limited precision and operates with only a non-zero wavefunction overlap between the reference state and target eigenstates, significantly reducing initialization complexity. Numerical simulations validate the algorithm's effectiveness in molecular systems (e.g., H4 chains) and lattice models (e.g., Heisenberg spin systems), confirming that computational error scales inversely with maximum evolution time while maintaining robustness against sampling errors and quantum noise. Experimental implementation on an NMR quantum processor further verifies its feasibility in real-world noisy environments. Compared to existing quantum algorithms (e.g., VQE, QPE and their variants), WQTE exhibits superior circuit depth efficiency, resource economy, and noise resilience, making it a promising solution for eigen-energy computation on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.
title Beyond VQE and QPE: A Noise- and Sampling-Error-Tolerant Quantum Algorithm with Heisenberg-Limited Precision
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17953