Token Economy for Fair and Efficient Dynamic Resource Allocation in Congestion Games

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Pedroso, Leonardo, Agazzi, Andrea, Heemels, W. P. M. H., Salazar, Mauro
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Pedroso, Leonardo
Agazzi, Andrea
Heemels, W. P. M. H.
Salazar, Mauro
author_facet Pedroso, Leonardo
Agazzi, Andrea
Heemels, W. P. M. H.
Salazar, Mauro
contents Self-interested behavior in sharing economies often leads to inefficient aggregate outcomes compared to a centrally coordinated allocation, ultimately harming users. Yet, centralized coordination removes individual decision power. This issue can be addressed by designing rules that align individual preferences with system-level objectives. Unfortunately, rules based on conventional monetary mechanisms introduce unfairness by discriminating among users based on their wealth. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a token-based mechanism for congestion games that achieves efficient and fair dynamic resource allocation. Specifically, we model the token economy as a continuous-time dynamic game with finitely many boundedly rational agents, explicitly capturing their evolutionary policy-revision dynamics. We derive a mean-field approximation of the finite-population game and establish strong approximation guarantees between the mean-field and the finite-population games. This approximation enables the design of integer tolls in closed form that provably steer the aggregate dynamics toward an optimal efficient and fair allocation from any initial condition.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18094
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Token Economy for Fair and Efficient Dynamic Resource Allocation in Congestion Games
Pedroso, Leonardo
Agazzi, Andrea
Heemels, W. P. M. H.
Salazar, Mauro
Computer Science and Game Theory
Systems and Control
Self-interested behavior in sharing economies often leads to inefficient aggregate outcomes compared to a centrally coordinated allocation, ultimately harming users. Yet, centralized coordination removes individual decision power. This issue can be addressed by designing rules that align individual preferences with system-level objectives. Unfortunately, rules based on conventional monetary mechanisms introduce unfairness by discriminating among users based on their wealth. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a token-based mechanism for congestion games that achieves efficient and fair dynamic resource allocation. Specifically, we model the token economy as a continuous-time dynamic game with finitely many boundedly rational agents, explicitly capturing their evolutionary policy-revision dynamics. We derive a mean-field approximation of the finite-population game and establish strong approximation guarantees between the mean-field and the finite-population games. This approximation enables the design of integer tolls in closed form that provably steer the aggregate dynamics toward an optimal efficient and fair allocation from any initial condition.
title Token Economy for Fair and Efficient Dynamic Resource Allocation in Congestion Games
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18094