Spin-Charge Groups for Fermions in Fluids and Crystals: General Structures and Physical Consequences
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866909019158872064 |
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| author | Yang, Arist Zhenyuan Liu, Zheng-Xin |
| author_facet | Yang, Arist Zhenyuan Liu, Zheng-Xin |
| contents | Known symmetry groups are insufficient to describe the various couplings among spin, charge, and spatial degrees of freedom in fermionic systems. To address this problem, we introduce spin-charge groups (SCGs), which provide a unified framework for fermionic symmetries. SCGs incorporate spin and charge operations as `internal' symmetries, spatial and temporal operations as `external' symmetries, together with their couplings and projective twists. After deriving the general group structure of SCGs, we explore their applications in concrete physical systems, including $^3$He superfluids, charge-4e superconductors, collinear magnets with spin-fluxes, and superconductors with coexisting magnetic orders. We show that SCGs can enforce additional band degeneracies, Chern numbers and cross spin-charge responses. Hence SCGs provide a symmetry-based route toward the classification and exploration of new phases of matter even when strong interactions are included. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18125 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spin-Charge Groups for Fermions in Fluids and Crystals: General Structures and Physical Consequences Yang, Arist Zhenyuan Liu, Zheng-Xin Strongly Correlated Electrons Superconductivity Known symmetry groups are insufficient to describe the various couplings among spin, charge, and spatial degrees of freedom in fermionic systems. To address this problem, we introduce spin-charge groups (SCGs), which provide a unified framework for fermionic symmetries. SCGs incorporate spin and charge operations as `internal' symmetries, spatial and temporal operations as `external' symmetries, together with their couplings and projective twists. After deriving the general group structure of SCGs, we explore their applications in concrete physical systems, including $^3$He superfluids, charge-4e superconductors, collinear magnets with spin-fluxes, and superconductors with coexisting magnetic orders. We show that SCGs can enforce additional band degeneracies, Chern numbers and cross spin-charge responses. Hence SCGs provide a symmetry-based route toward the classification and exploration of new phases of matter even when strong interactions are included. |
| title | Spin-Charge Groups for Fermions in Fluids and Crystals: General Structures and Physical Consequences |
| topic | Strongly Correlated Electrons Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18125 |