Solving Sparsity Constrained PCA, Regression, and QCQP via the Spartrahedron

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Cifuentes, Diego, Li, Zhuorui
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Cifuentes, Diego
Li, Zhuorui
author_facet Cifuentes, Diego
Li, Zhuorui
contents Sparsity is a fundamental modeling principle in statistics, signal processing, and data science. However, optimization with sparsity constraints is notoriously difficult. We introduce a new convex relaxation framework for {sparse quadratically constrained quadratic programs} (QCQPs), a class that subsumes sparse regression, sparse principal component analysis (PCA), and related problems. Our approach is based on a novel convex cone, the spartrahedron, which exactly characterizes sparsity at the matrix level. This leads to a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation that is tight whenever its solution is rank-one, providing a simple certificate of global optimality. We establish theoretical guarantees, including approximation bounds and exactness regions for sparse PCA and sparse ridge regression, as well as a general stability result under perturbations. Numerical experiments on sparse PCA, sparse regression, RIP constant estimation, and sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) demonstrate the practical success of our methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18215
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Solving Sparsity Constrained PCA, Regression, and QCQP via the Spartrahedron
Cifuentes, Diego
Li, Zhuorui
Optimization and Control
90C20, 90C22, 90C25
Sparsity is a fundamental modeling principle in statistics, signal processing, and data science. However, optimization with sparsity constraints is notoriously difficult. We introduce a new convex relaxation framework for {sparse quadratically constrained quadratic programs} (QCQPs), a class that subsumes sparse regression, sparse principal component analysis (PCA), and related problems. Our approach is based on a novel convex cone, the spartrahedron, which exactly characterizes sparsity at the matrix level. This leads to a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation that is tight whenever its solution is rank-one, providing a simple certificate of global optimality. We establish theoretical guarantees, including approximation bounds and exactness regions for sparse PCA and sparse ridge regression, as well as a general stability result under perturbations. Numerical experiments on sparse PCA, sparse regression, RIP constant estimation, and sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) demonstrate the practical success of our methods.
title Solving Sparsity Constrained PCA, Regression, and QCQP via the Spartrahedron
topic Optimization and Control
90C20, 90C22, 90C25
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18215