TOI-4552 b: A new ultra-short period rocky world revealed by NIRPS and TESS
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2026
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| author | Srivastava, Avidaan Doyon, René Bouchy, François Artigau, Étienne Cadieux, Charles Gromek, Nicole Delgado-Mena, Elisa Messias, Yuri S. Bonfils, Xavier Gomes, Roseane de Lima Barros, Susana C. C. Benneke, Björn Bryan, Marta Cloutier, Ryan Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo Delfosse, Xavier Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Hernández, Jonay I. González Lafrenière, David Leão, Izan de Castro Lovis, Christophe Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Martins, Bruno L. Canto De Medeiros, Jose Renan Mignon, Lucile Mordasini, Christoph Pepe, Francesco Rebolo, Rafael Rowe, Jason Santos, Nuno C. Ségransan, Damien Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Wade, Gregg Almenara, Jose Manuel Collins, Karen A. Conti, Dennis M. Dransfield, George Ducrot, Elsa Essack, Zahra Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Jafariyazani, Marziye Lamontagne, Pierrot L'Heureux, Alexandrine Moulla, Khaled Al Osborn, Ares Parc, Léna Rodriguez, David R. Schwartz, Richard P. Scott, Madison G. Shporer, Avi Stefanov, Atanas K. Timmermans, Mathilde Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. Wardenier, Joost P. Weisserman, Drew Zúñiga-Fernández, Sebastián |
| author_facet | Srivastava, Avidaan Doyon, René Bouchy, François Artigau, Étienne Cadieux, Charles Gromek, Nicole Delgado-Mena, Elisa Messias, Yuri S. Bonfils, Xavier Gomes, Roseane de Lima Barros, Susana C. C. Benneke, Björn Bryan, Marta Cloutier, Ryan Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo Delfosse, Xavier Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Hernández, Jonay I. González Lafrenière, David Leão, Izan de Castro Lovis, Christophe Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Martins, Bruno L. Canto De Medeiros, Jose Renan Mignon, Lucile Mordasini, Christoph Pepe, Francesco Rebolo, Rafael Rowe, Jason Santos, Nuno C. Ségransan, Damien Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Wade, Gregg Almenara, Jose Manuel Collins, Karen A. Conti, Dennis M. Dransfield, George Ducrot, Elsa Essack, Zahra Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Jafariyazani, Marziye Lamontagne, Pierrot L'Heureux, Alexandrine Moulla, Khaled Al Osborn, Ares Parc, Léna Rodriguez, David R. Schwartz, Richard P. Scott, Madison G. Shporer, Avi Stefanov, Atanas K. Timmermans, Mathilde Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. Wardenier, Joost P. Weisserman, Drew Zúñiga-Fernández, Sebastián |
| contents | A particularly intriguing subclass of rocky exoplanets are the ultra-short period (USP) worlds that orbit their host stars in less than a day. These planets are particularly rare around M dwarf stars, with so far only ten that have a constrained mass and radius. We present the validation and characterization of the ultra-short period (0.3-days), Earth-sized planet TOI-4552b orbiting a nearby (27.26-pc away) M4.5V dwarf. Complementing the TESS photometry, ground-based transit observations from LCO, ExTrA and SPECULOOS validated the planetary radius and cleared the field of any contaminants. Speckle imaging with Zorro (Gemini-S) rules out false positive scenarios caused by eclipsing binary sources. Spectroscopic observations with NIRPS and HARPS were used to obtain stellar abundances, constrain the planetary mass, and, in conjunction with the transit observations, estimate the orbital parameters. TOI-4552 is a quiet star exhibiting no short-term stellar variations seen in photometric or radial velocity data that can be associated to stellar rotation. TOI-4552b ($M_p=1.83\pm0.47\,M_e$, $R_p=1.11\pm0.04\,R_e$) lies between the Earth-like and iron-rich composition tracks on the Mass-Radius diagram. The EXOPIE interior structure model, without constraints from refractory abundance ratio, yields a core mass fraction (CMF) of 0.54 and a bulk density of 7.74g/cm$^3$. Since the CMF spans a wide range due to the large uncertainty on the mass, the definitive interior composition cannot be determined with the current dataset. TOI-4552b hints as being marginally more iron-rich compared to the Earth but confirmation of its status requires additional, precise radial velocity measurements. Combined with its high emission spectroscopic metric (ESM=19.5), negligible stellar activity and short orbital period, TOI-4552b emerges as a compelling target for atmospheric and surface composition studies with JWST. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18233 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | TOI-4552 b: A new ultra-short period rocky world revealed by NIRPS and TESS Srivastava, Avidaan Doyon, René Bouchy, François Artigau, Étienne Cadieux, Charles Gromek, Nicole Delgado-Mena, Elisa Messias, Yuri S. Bonfils, Xavier Gomes, Roseane de Lima Barros, Susana C. C. Benneke, Björn Bryan, Marta Cloutier, Ryan Cowan, Nicolas B. Cristo, Eduardo Delfosse, Xavier Dumusque, Xavier Ehrenreich, David Hernández, Jonay I. González Lafrenière, David Leão, Izan de Castro Lovis, Christophe Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez Martins, Bruno L. Canto De Medeiros, Jose Renan Mignon, Lucile Mordasini, Christoph Pepe, Francesco Rebolo, Rafael Rowe, Jason Santos, Nuno C. Ségransan, Damien Udry, Stéphane Valencia, Diana Wade, Gregg Almenara, Jose Manuel Collins, Karen A. Conti, Dennis M. Dransfield, George Ducrot, Elsa Essack, Zahra Fontinele, Dasaev O. Forveille, Thierry Jafariyazani, Marziye Lamontagne, Pierrot L'Heureux, Alexandrine Moulla, Khaled Al Osborn, Ares Parc, Léna Rodriguez, David R. Schwartz, Richard P. Scott, Madison G. Shporer, Avi Stefanov, Atanas K. Timmermans, Mathilde Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. Wardenier, Joost P. Weisserman, Drew Zúñiga-Fernández, Sebastián Earth and Planetary Astrophysics A particularly intriguing subclass of rocky exoplanets are the ultra-short period (USP) worlds that orbit their host stars in less than a day. These planets are particularly rare around M dwarf stars, with so far only ten that have a constrained mass and radius. We present the validation and characterization of the ultra-short period (0.3-days), Earth-sized planet TOI-4552b orbiting a nearby (27.26-pc away) M4.5V dwarf. Complementing the TESS photometry, ground-based transit observations from LCO, ExTrA and SPECULOOS validated the planetary radius and cleared the field of any contaminants. Speckle imaging with Zorro (Gemini-S) rules out false positive scenarios caused by eclipsing binary sources. Spectroscopic observations with NIRPS and HARPS were used to obtain stellar abundances, constrain the planetary mass, and, in conjunction with the transit observations, estimate the orbital parameters. TOI-4552 is a quiet star exhibiting no short-term stellar variations seen in photometric or radial velocity data that can be associated to stellar rotation. TOI-4552b ($M_p=1.83\pm0.47\,M_e$, $R_p=1.11\pm0.04\,R_e$) lies between the Earth-like and iron-rich composition tracks on the Mass-Radius diagram. The EXOPIE interior structure model, without constraints from refractory abundance ratio, yields a core mass fraction (CMF) of 0.54 and a bulk density of 7.74g/cm$^3$. Since the CMF spans a wide range due to the large uncertainty on the mass, the definitive interior composition cannot be determined with the current dataset. TOI-4552b hints as being marginally more iron-rich compared to the Earth but confirmation of its status requires additional, precise radial velocity measurements. Combined with its high emission spectroscopic metric (ESM=19.5), negligible stellar activity and short orbital period, TOI-4552b emerges as a compelling target for atmospheric and surface composition studies with JWST. |
| title | TOI-4552 b: A new ultra-short period rocky world revealed by NIRPS and TESS |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18233 |