Interleaved Information Structures in Dynamic Games: A General Framework with Application to the Linear-Quadratic Case

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Hauptverfasser: K, Janani S, Gupta, Kushagra, Topcu, Ufuk, Fridovich-Keil, David
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author K, Janani S
Gupta, Kushagra
Topcu, Ufuk
Fridovich-Keil, David
author_facet K, Janani S
Gupta, Kushagra
Topcu, Ufuk
Fridovich-Keil, David
contents A fundamental problem in noncooperative dynamic game theory is the computation of Nash equilibria under different information structures, which specify the information available to each agent during decision-making. Prior work has extensively studied equilibrium solutions for two canonical information structures: feedback, where agents observe the current state at each time, and open-loop, where agents only observe the initial state. However, these paradigms are often too restrictive to capture realistic settings exhibiting interleaved information structures, in which each agent observes only a subset of other agents at every timestep. To date, there is no systematic framework for modeling and solving dynamic games under arbitrary interleaved information structures. To this end, we make two main contributions. First, we introduce a method to model deterministic dynamic games with arbitrary interleaved information structures as Mathematical Program Networks (MPNs), where the network structure encodes the informational dependencies between agents. Second, for linear-quadratic (LQ) dynamic games, we leverage the MPN formulation to develop a systematic procedure for deriving Riccati-like equations that characterize Nash equilibria. Finally, we illustrate our approach through an example involving three agents exhibiting a cyclic information structure.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18407
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Interleaved Information Structures in Dynamic Games: A General Framework with Application to the Linear-Quadratic Case
K, Janani S
Gupta, Kushagra
Topcu, Ufuk
Fridovich-Keil, David
Computer Science and Game Theory
Multiagent Systems
Systems and Control
A fundamental problem in noncooperative dynamic game theory is the computation of Nash equilibria under different information structures, which specify the information available to each agent during decision-making. Prior work has extensively studied equilibrium solutions for two canonical information structures: feedback, where agents observe the current state at each time, and open-loop, where agents only observe the initial state. However, these paradigms are often too restrictive to capture realistic settings exhibiting interleaved information structures, in which each agent observes only a subset of other agents at every timestep. To date, there is no systematic framework for modeling and solving dynamic games under arbitrary interleaved information structures. To this end, we make two main contributions. First, we introduce a method to model deterministic dynamic games with arbitrary interleaved information structures as Mathematical Program Networks (MPNs), where the network structure encodes the informational dependencies between agents. Second, for linear-quadratic (LQ) dynamic games, we leverage the MPN formulation to develop a systematic procedure for deriving Riccati-like equations that characterize Nash equilibria. Finally, we illustrate our approach through an example involving three agents exhibiting a cyclic information structure.
title Interleaved Information Structures in Dynamic Games: A General Framework with Application to the Linear-Quadratic Case
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Multiagent Systems
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18407