MedQ-UNI: Toward Unified Medical Image Quality Assessment and Restoration via Vision-Language Modeling
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917352683077632 |
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| author | Liu, Jiyao Ning, Junzhi Qu, Wanying Liu, Lihao Ma, Chenglong He, Junjun Xu, Ningsheng |
| author_facet | Liu, Jiyao Ning, Junzhi Qu, Wanying Liu, Lihao Ma, Chenglong He, Junjun Xu, Ningsheng |
| contents | Existing medical image restoration (Med-IR) methods are typically modality-specific or degradation-specific, failing to generalize across the heterogeneous degradations encountered in clinical practice. We argue this limitation stems from the isolation of Med-IR from medical image quality assessment (Med-IQA), as restoration models without explicit quality understanding struggle to adapt to diverse degradation types across modalities. To address these challenges, we propose MedQ-UNI, a unified vision-language model that follows an assess-then-restore paradigm, explicitly leveraging Med-IQA to guide Med-IR across arbitrary modalities and degradation types. MedQ-UNI adopts a multimodal autoregressive dual-expert architecture with shared attention: a quality assessment expert first identifies degradation issues through structured natural language descriptions, and a restoration expert then conditions on these descriptions to perform targeted image restoration. To support this paradigm, we construct a large-scale dataset of approximately 50K paired samples spanning three imaging modalities and five restoration tasks, each annotated with structured quality descriptions for joint Med-IQA and Med-IR training, along with a 2K-sample benchmark for evaluation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that a single MedQ-UNI model, without any task-specific adaptation, achieves state-of-the-art restoration performance across all tasks while generating superior descriptions, confirming that explicit quality understanding meaningfully improves restoration fidelity and interpretability. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18465 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | MedQ-UNI: Toward Unified Medical Image Quality Assessment and Restoration via Vision-Language Modeling Liu, Jiyao Ning, Junzhi Qu, Wanying Liu, Lihao Ma, Chenglong He, Junjun Xu, Ningsheng Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Existing medical image restoration (Med-IR) methods are typically modality-specific or degradation-specific, failing to generalize across the heterogeneous degradations encountered in clinical practice. We argue this limitation stems from the isolation of Med-IR from medical image quality assessment (Med-IQA), as restoration models without explicit quality understanding struggle to adapt to diverse degradation types across modalities. To address these challenges, we propose MedQ-UNI, a unified vision-language model that follows an assess-then-restore paradigm, explicitly leveraging Med-IQA to guide Med-IR across arbitrary modalities and degradation types. MedQ-UNI adopts a multimodal autoregressive dual-expert architecture with shared attention: a quality assessment expert first identifies degradation issues through structured natural language descriptions, and a restoration expert then conditions on these descriptions to perform targeted image restoration. To support this paradigm, we construct a large-scale dataset of approximately 50K paired samples spanning three imaging modalities and five restoration tasks, each annotated with structured quality descriptions for joint Med-IQA and Med-IR training, along with a 2K-sample benchmark for evaluation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that a single MedQ-UNI model, without any task-specific adaptation, achieves state-of-the-art restoration performance across all tasks while generating superior descriptions, confirming that explicit quality understanding meaningfully improves restoration fidelity and interpretability. |
| title | MedQ-UNI: Toward Unified Medical Image Quality Assessment and Restoration via Vision-Language Modeling |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18465 |