A container theorem for general digraphs with forbidden subdigraphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liang, Meili, Guan, Yue, Zheng, Ruiling, Liu, Jianxi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Liang, Meili
Guan, Yue
Zheng, Ruiling
Liu, Jianxi
author_facet Liang, Meili
Guan, Yue
Zheng, Ruiling
Liu, Jianxi
contents In a seminal work, Kühn, Osthus, Townsend, and Zhao used the hypergraph container method to determine the typical structure of oriented graphs and digraphs avoiding a fixed tournament or cycle. Their main tool, a container theorem for oriented graphs, does not directly extend to all digraphs due to the existence of counterexamples such as the double triangle $DK_3$. In this paper we prove a container theorem for general digraphs under a natural sparsity condition. For the edge-weight parameter $a=2$, this condition permits digraphs with $2$-cycles (density at most $1$) but excludes denser obstructions like $DK_3$; for larger $a$ it allows digraphs with a controlled density of $2$-cycles. As applications, we obtain asymptotic counting results for $H$-free digraphs and describe the typical structure of digraphs avoiding a fixed digraph $H$ satisfying our condition. Our results unify and extend several previous results in the area.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18542
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A container theorem for general digraphs with forbidden subdigraphs
Liang, Meili
Guan, Yue
Zheng, Ruiling
Liu, Jianxi
Combinatorics
05C20, 05C35, 05C30, 05C65
In a seminal work, Kühn, Osthus, Townsend, and Zhao used the hypergraph container method to determine the typical structure of oriented graphs and digraphs avoiding a fixed tournament or cycle. Their main tool, a container theorem for oriented graphs, does not directly extend to all digraphs due to the existence of counterexamples such as the double triangle $DK_3$. In this paper we prove a container theorem for general digraphs under a natural sparsity condition. For the edge-weight parameter $a=2$, this condition permits digraphs with $2$-cycles (density at most $1$) but excludes denser obstructions like $DK_3$; for larger $a$ it allows digraphs with a controlled density of $2$-cycles. As applications, we obtain asymptotic counting results for $H$-free digraphs and describe the typical structure of digraphs avoiding a fixed digraph $H$ satisfying our condition. Our results unify and extend several previous results in the area.
title A container theorem for general digraphs with forbidden subdigraphs
topic Combinatorics
05C20, 05C35, 05C30, 05C65
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18542