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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18583 |
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| _version_ | 1866917400951128064 |
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| author | Bhattacharyya, Arka Biswas, Sanjoy Niyogi, Saurabh |
| author_facet | Bhattacharyya, Arka Biswas, Sanjoy Niyogi, Saurabh |
| contents | We investigate the possibility of realizing strong first-order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT) in an effective field theory framework where the Standard Model is extended with a complex scalar singlet ($ϕ$) charged under a local $U(1)_D$ gauge group. The tree-level scalar potential contains a dimension-six term of the form $|H|^2|ϕ|^4$. We show that this higher-dimensional operator plays a crucial role in the phase transition dynamics by weakening the correlation between the Higgs-singlet portal coupling and the scalar mixing angle that typically constrains singlet-extended models. Consequently, SFOEWPT can be achieved over a significantly extended region of parameter space. The strength of the phase transition is primarily driven by the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the singlet scalar which plays a central role in this analysis.
We analyze the phase transition in this model and identify regions of parameter space consistent with SFOEWPT. The resulting phase transition can generate stochastic gravitational-wave signals potentially observable at future interferometers. The extended scalar sector in presence of the dimension-six operator also leads to distinctive multi-scalar production signatures at the LHC, intimately correlated with the singlet scalar VEV. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18583 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Electroweak phase transitions in a $U(1)_D$ extension of the standard model with dimension-six operators: Gravitational waves and LHC signatures Bhattacharyya, Arka Biswas, Sanjoy Niyogi, Saurabh High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We investigate the possibility of realizing strong first-order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT) in an effective field theory framework where the Standard Model is extended with a complex scalar singlet ($ϕ$) charged under a local $U(1)_D$ gauge group. The tree-level scalar potential contains a dimension-six term of the form $|H|^2|ϕ|^4$. We show that this higher-dimensional operator plays a crucial role in the phase transition dynamics by weakening the correlation between the Higgs-singlet portal coupling and the scalar mixing angle that typically constrains singlet-extended models. Consequently, SFOEWPT can be achieved over a significantly extended region of parameter space. The strength of the phase transition is primarily driven by the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the singlet scalar which plays a central role in this analysis. We analyze the phase transition in this model and identify regions of parameter space consistent with SFOEWPT. The resulting phase transition can generate stochastic gravitational-wave signals potentially observable at future interferometers. The extended scalar sector in presence of the dimension-six operator also leads to distinctive multi-scalar production signatures at the LHC, intimately correlated with the singlet scalar VEV. |
| title | Electroweak phase transitions in a $U(1)_D$ extension of the standard model with dimension-six operators: Gravitational waves and LHC signatures |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18583 |