Lithium in Wide Binaries: Effective Temperature Governs Depletion while Rotation Plays a Minor Role

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Main Authors: Xie, Cheng-Cheng, Tian, Hai-Jun, Shi, Jian-Rong, Zhou, Ze-Ming
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Xie, Cheng-Cheng
Tian, Hai-Jun
Shi, Jian-Rong
Zhou, Ze-Ming
author_facet Xie, Cheng-Cheng
Tian, Hai-Jun
Shi, Jian-Rong
Zhou, Ze-Ming
contents Using a sample of 116 wide binary systems as coeval and chemically homogeneous stellar pairs, we investigate the factors governing lithium depletion in main-sequence stars. We recover the well-established morphology of the lithium--effective temperature ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$) relation, including the Li dip (6200--6600\,K), the Li plateau (6000--6200\,K), and a linear trend for cooler stars ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ $<$ 6000\,K), where lithium abundance increases by $\sim$0.15\,dex per 100\,K. We demonstrate that the apparent correlation between projected rotational velocity ($v\sin i$) and lithium abundance is secondary to the underlying $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ dependence; $v\sin i$ is not an independent driver of lithium depletion in our sample. Notably, we identify an anomalous system within the Li dip where the primary star exhibits a $\sim$1.4\,dex lithium excess compared to its secondary companion at nearly identical $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$. We discuss two plausible origins for this anomaly: external enrichment via planetesimal accretion or planetary engulfment, and binary interactions with an unresolved tertiary companion. Our results confirm $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ as the dominant parameter controlling lithium depletion, while highlighting that additional, non-standard processes can occasionally produce significant lithium enrichment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18603
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Lithium in Wide Binaries: Effective Temperature Governs Depletion while Rotation Plays a Minor Role
Xie, Cheng-Cheng
Tian, Hai-Jun
Shi, Jian-Rong
Zhou, Ze-Ming
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Using a sample of 116 wide binary systems as coeval and chemically homogeneous stellar pairs, we investigate the factors governing lithium depletion in main-sequence stars. We recover the well-established morphology of the lithium--effective temperature ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$) relation, including the Li dip (6200--6600\,K), the Li plateau (6000--6200\,K), and a linear trend for cooler stars ($T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ $<$ 6000\,K), where lithium abundance increases by $\sim$0.15\,dex per 100\,K. We demonstrate that the apparent correlation between projected rotational velocity ($v\sin i$) and lithium abundance is secondary to the underlying $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ dependence; $v\sin i$ is not an independent driver of lithium depletion in our sample. Notably, we identify an anomalous system within the Li dip where the primary star exhibits a $\sim$1.4\,dex lithium excess compared to its secondary companion at nearly identical $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$. We discuss two plausible origins for this anomaly: external enrichment via planetesimal accretion or planetary engulfment, and binary interactions with an unresolved tertiary companion. Our results confirm $T_{\mathrm{eff}}$ as the dominant parameter controlling lithium depletion, while highlighting that additional, non-standard processes can occasionally produce significant lithium enrichment.
title Lithium in Wide Binaries: Effective Temperature Governs Depletion while Rotation Plays a Minor Role
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18603