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Main Authors: Youssef, Mohamed, Elfares, Mayar, Meer, Anna-Maria, Bortoletto, Matteo, Bulling, Andreas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18719
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author Youssef, Mohamed
Elfares, Mayar
Meer, Anna-Maria
Bortoletto, Matteo
Bulling, Andreas
author_facet Youssef, Mohamed
Elfares, Mayar
Meer, Anna-Maria
Bortoletto, Matteo
Bulling, Andreas
contents Bridging the simulation-to-reality (sim2real) gap remains challenging as labelled real-world data is scarce. Existing diffusion-based approaches rely on unstructured prompts or statistical alignment, which do not capture the structured factors that make images look real. We introduce Ontology- Guided Diffusion (OGD), a neuro-symbolic zero-shot sim2real image translation framework that represents realism as structured knowledge. OGD decomposes realism into an ontology of interpretable traits -- such as lighting and material properties -- and encodes their relationships in a knowledge graph. From a synthetic image, OGD infers trait activations and uses a graph neural network to produce a global embedding. In parallel, a symbolic planner uses the ontology traits to compute a consistent sequence of visual edits needed to narrow the realism gap. The graph embedding conditions a pretrained instruction-guided diffusion model via cross-attention, while the planned edits are converted into a structured instruction prompt. Across benchmarks, our graph-based embeddings better distinguish real from synthetic imagery than baselines, and OGD outperforms state-of-the-art diffusion methods in sim2real image translations. Overall, OGD shows that explicitly encoding realism structure enables interpretable, data-efficient, and generalisable zero-shot sim2real transfer.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_18719
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Ontology-Guided Diffusion for Zero-Shot Visual Sim2Real Transfer
Youssef, Mohamed
Elfares, Mayar
Meer, Anna-Maria
Bortoletto, Matteo
Bulling, Andreas
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Bridging the simulation-to-reality (sim2real) gap remains challenging as labelled real-world data is scarce. Existing diffusion-based approaches rely on unstructured prompts or statistical alignment, which do not capture the structured factors that make images look real. We introduce Ontology- Guided Diffusion (OGD), a neuro-symbolic zero-shot sim2real image translation framework that represents realism as structured knowledge. OGD decomposes realism into an ontology of interpretable traits -- such as lighting and material properties -- and encodes their relationships in a knowledge graph. From a synthetic image, OGD infers trait activations and uses a graph neural network to produce a global embedding. In parallel, a symbolic planner uses the ontology traits to compute a consistent sequence of visual edits needed to narrow the realism gap. The graph embedding conditions a pretrained instruction-guided diffusion model via cross-attention, while the planned edits are converted into a structured instruction prompt. Across benchmarks, our graph-based embeddings better distinguish real from synthetic imagery than baselines, and OGD outperforms state-of-the-art diffusion methods in sim2real image translations. Overall, OGD shows that explicitly encoding realism structure enables interpretable, data-efficient, and generalisable zero-shot sim2real transfer.
title Ontology-Guided Diffusion for Zero-Shot Visual Sim2Real Transfer
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.18719