COSMOS-3D: Black Hole Mass Estimators and Luminosity Functions of Paschen-line AGNs
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Jiang, Danyang Jiang, Linhua Fu, Shuqi Zhang, Zijian Chen, Jie Pan, Zhiwei Sun, Shengxiu Sun, Fengwu Ho, Luis C. Shangguan, Jinyi Faisst, Andreas L. Gilbert, Olivier Li, Mingyu Liu, Yichen Li, Zi-Jian Tanaka, Takumi S. |
| author_facet | Jiang, Danyang Jiang, Linhua Fu, Shuqi Zhang, Zijian Chen, Jie Pan, Zhiwei Sun, Shengxiu Sun, Fengwu Ho, Luis C. Shangguan, Jinyi Faisst, Andreas L. Gilbert, Olivier Li, Mingyu Liu, Yichen Li, Zi-Jian Tanaka, Takumi S. |
| contents | Near-IR Paschen lines are potentially an excellent tracer of Type 1 AGNs that is hardly affected by dust extinction. JWST allows us, for the first time, to explore Paschen-line objects at redshift z>1. Here we present a study of 62 AGNs with broad Pa$α$ and Pa$β$ lines at 1<z<3 using data from the JWST COSMOS-3D program. These AGNs are efficiently selected and identified using NIRCam imaging and grism slitless spectroscopic data. We separate the AGN-host emission with image decomposition and quantify dust attenuation with multi-band data. We construct a calibration sample with optical spectroscopy and use single-epoch, Mg II-based black hole masses ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$) as an anchor to derive new, Paschen-based $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ estimators. We obtain three sets of $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ estimators based on Paschen line luminosities and AGN continuum luminosities at 1 and 2 $μ$m, respectively. After dust corrections, they are well consistent with each other, and also broadly agree with previous results. With this AGN sample, we further construct the first Pa$α$ and Pa$β$ luminosity functions (LFs) of Type 1 AGNs. The derived LFs are 3-5 times higher than those of UV/optical-selected AGNs, indicating that Paschen-selected Type 1 AGNs are more complete. In addition, the intrinsic properties of our AGNs show no dependence on dust reddening, suggesting that the observed reddening is unrelated to the central engine and is thus likely caused by line-of-sight obscuration. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_19548 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | COSMOS-3D: Black Hole Mass Estimators and Luminosity Functions of Paschen-line AGNs Jiang, Danyang Jiang, Linhua Fu, Shuqi Zhang, Zijian Chen, Jie Pan, Zhiwei Sun, Shengxiu Sun, Fengwu Ho, Luis C. Shangguan, Jinyi Faisst, Andreas L. Gilbert, Olivier Li, Mingyu Liu, Yichen Li, Zi-Jian Tanaka, Takumi S. Astrophysics of Galaxies Near-IR Paschen lines are potentially an excellent tracer of Type 1 AGNs that is hardly affected by dust extinction. JWST allows us, for the first time, to explore Paschen-line objects at redshift z>1. Here we present a study of 62 AGNs with broad Pa$α$ and Pa$β$ lines at 1<z<3 using data from the JWST COSMOS-3D program. These AGNs are efficiently selected and identified using NIRCam imaging and grism slitless spectroscopic data. We separate the AGN-host emission with image decomposition and quantify dust attenuation with multi-band data. We construct a calibration sample with optical spectroscopy and use single-epoch, Mg II-based black hole masses ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$) as an anchor to derive new, Paschen-based $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ estimators. We obtain three sets of $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$ estimators based on Paschen line luminosities and AGN continuum luminosities at 1 and 2 $μ$m, respectively. After dust corrections, they are well consistent with each other, and also broadly agree with previous results. With this AGN sample, we further construct the first Pa$α$ and Pa$β$ luminosity functions (LFs) of Type 1 AGNs. The derived LFs are 3-5 times higher than those of UV/optical-selected AGNs, indicating that Paschen-selected Type 1 AGNs are more complete. In addition, the intrinsic properties of our AGNs show no dependence on dust reddening, suggesting that the observed reddening is unrelated to the central engine and is thus likely caused by line-of-sight obscuration. |
| title | COSMOS-3D: Black Hole Mass Estimators and Luminosity Functions of Paschen-line AGNs |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.19548 |