Spectral Alignment in Forward-Backward Representations via Temporal Abstraction

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Azad, Seyed Mahdi B., Hoffmann, Jasper, Nematollahi, Iman, Zhu, Hao, Valada, Abhinav, Boedecker, Joschka
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Azad, Seyed Mahdi B.
Hoffmann, Jasper
Nematollahi, Iman
Zhu, Hao
Valada, Abhinav
Boedecker, Joschka
author_facet Azad, Seyed Mahdi B.
Hoffmann, Jasper
Nematollahi, Iman
Zhu, Hao
Valada, Abhinav
Boedecker, Joschka
contents Forward-backward (FB) representations provide a powerful framework for learning the successor representation (SR) in continuous spaces by enforcing a low-rank factorization. However, a fundamental spectral mismatch often exists between the high-rank transition dynamics of continuous environments and the low-rank bottleneck of the FB architecture, making accurate low-rank representation learning difficult. In this work, we analyze temporal abstraction as a mechanism to mitigate this mismatch. By characterizing the spectral properties of the transition operator, we show that temporal abstraction acts analogously to a low-pass filter that suppresses high-frequency spectral components. This suppression reduces the effective rank of the induced SR while preserving a formal bound on the resulting value function error. Empirically, we show that this alignment is a key factor for stable FB learning, particularly at high discount factors where bootstrapping becomes error-prone. Our results identify temporal abstraction as a principled mechanism for shaping the spectral structure of the underlying MDP and enabling effective long-horizon representations in continuous control.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_20103
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Spectral Alignment in Forward-Backward Representations via Temporal Abstraction
Azad, Seyed Mahdi B.
Hoffmann, Jasper
Nematollahi, Iman
Zhu, Hao
Valada, Abhinav
Boedecker, Joschka
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Forward-backward (FB) representations provide a powerful framework for learning the successor representation (SR) in continuous spaces by enforcing a low-rank factorization. However, a fundamental spectral mismatch often exists between the high-rank transition dynamics of continuous environments and the low-rank bottleneck of the FB architecture, making accurate low-rank representation learning difficult. In this work, we analyze temporal abstraction as a mechanism to mitigate this mismatch. By characterizing the spectral properties of the transition operator, we show that temporal abstraction acts analogously to a low-pass filter that suppresses high-frequency spectral components. This suppression reduces the effective rank of the induced SR while preserving a formal bound on the resulting value function error. Empirically, we show that this alignment is a key factor for stable FB learning, particularly at high discount factors where bootstrapping becomes error-prone. Our results identify temporal abstraction as a principled mechanism for shaping the spectral structure of the underlying MDP and enabling effective long-horizon representations in continuous control.
title Spectral Alignment in Forward-Backward Representations via Temporal Abstraction
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20103