Constructing efficient score functions for rare event simulation in high-dimensional ocean-climate models
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866914412105826304 |
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| author | Esclapez, Lucas Jacques-Dumas, Valérian Börner, Reyk Soucasse, Laurent Dijkstra, Henk A. |
| author_facet | Esclapez, Lucas Jacques-Dumas, Valérian Börner, Reyk Soucasse, Laurent Dijkstra, Henk A. |
| contents | Calculating transition probabilities between different states of multistable climate tipping systems is computationally challenging in high-dimensional models. Targeted algorithms, such as the Trajectory-Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (TAMS) method, require an adequate score function to be successful, i.e., to provide an estimate of a transition probability with an acceptable variance when only a relatively small ensemble of model trajectories can be computed. Here, we present a data-driven method to derive a score function based on projecting the model dynamics in a reduced state space. Using a spatially two-dimensional partial differential equation model of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, we show that this score function performs better than currently available ones. Using the new score function, transition probabilities can be determined with low variance, even in the case of small noise amplitudes. Besides purely noise-induced transitions, we also consider the scenario of combined stochastic and time-dependent deterministic forcing, presenting a strategy to efficiently simulate AMOC tipping events in global ocean and climate models subject to transient climate change. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_20257 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Constructing efficient score functions for rare event simulation in high-dimensional ocean-climate models Esclapez, Lucas Jacques-Dumas, Valérian Börner, Reyk Soucasse, Laurent Dijkstra, Henk A. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Chaotic Dynamics Calculating transition probabilities between different states of multistable climate tipping systems is computationally challenging in high-dimensional models. Targeted algorithms, such as the Trajectory-Adaptive Multilevel Splitting (TAMS) method, require an adequate score function to be successful, i.e., to provide an estimate of a transition probability with an acceptable variance when only a relatively small ensemble of model trajectories can be computed. Here, we present a data-driven method to derive a score function based on projecting the model dynamics in a reduced state space. Using a spatially two-dimensional partial differential equation model of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, we show that this score function performs better than currently available ones. Using the new score function, transition probabilities can be determined with low variance, even in the case of small noise amplitudes. Besides purely noise-induced transitions, we also consider the scenario of combined stochastic and time-dependent deterministic forcing, presenting a strategy to efficiently simulate AMOC tipping events in global ocean and climate models subject to transient climate change. |
| title | Constructing efficient score functions for rare event simulation in high-dimensional ocean-climate models |
| topic | Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Chaotic Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20257 |