Bivariate partial mapping for detecting causality in complex non-autonomous system

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Ni, Yang, Liu, Changqing, Zhang, Yifan, Gao, Yifan, Guo, Haonan, Gao, James, Li, Yingguang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866915878062260224
author Ni, Yang
Liu, Changqing
Zhang, Yifan
Gao, Yifan
Guo, Haonan
Gao, James
Li, Yingguang
author_facet Ni, Yang
Liu, Changqing
Zhang, Yifan
Gao, Yifan
Guo, Haonan
Gao, James
Li, Yingguang
contents Identifying causality is fundamental for human understanding of the world, where complex non-autonomous systems such as species population changes, brain activities, etc. are extensively existed. Since the phase spaces of such systems are not manifolds, the existing method based on convergent cross mapping is not applicable. This paper proposes a novel bivariate partial mapping method for detecting causality in complex non-autonomous systems. It transforms a non-autonomous system to an autonomous skew product system, and then, by considering the causality changes due to the transformation, detects causality of the original non-autonomous system from the transformed skew product system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by mathematical cases and a real brain activity case, showing that the proposed method successfully detects the causality in complex non-autonomous systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_20331
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bivariate partial mapping for detecting causality in complex non-autonomous system
Ni, Yang
Liu, Changqing
Zhang, Yifan
Gao, Yifan
Guo, Haonan
Gao, James
Li, Yingguang
Dynamical Systems
Identifying causality is fundamental for human understanding of the world, where complex non-autonomous systems such as species population changes, brain activities, etc. are extensively existed. Since the phase spaces of such systems are not manifolds, the existing method based on convergent cross mapping is not applicable. This paper proposes a novel bivariate partial mapping method for detecting causality in complex non-autonomous systems. It transforms a non-autonomous system to an autonomous skew product system, and then, by considering the causality changes due to the transformation, detects causality of the original non-autonomous system from the transformed skew product system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by mathematical cases and a real brain activity case, showing that the proposed method successfully detects the causality in complex non-autonomous systems.
title Bivariate partial mapping for detecting causality in complex non-autonomous system
topic Dynamical Systems
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20331