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Main Authors: Cheng, Xiaoya, Wang, Long, Liu, Yan, Liu, Xinyi, Tan, Hanlin, Liu, Yu, Zhang, Maojun, Yan, Shen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20778
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author Cheng, Xiaoya
Wang, Long
Liu, Yan
Liu, Xinyi
Tan, Hanlin
Liu, Yu
Zhang, Maojun
Yan, Shen
author_facet Cheng, Xiaoya
Wang, Long
Liu, Yan
Liu, Xinyi
Tan, Hanlin
Liu, Yu
Zhang, Maojun
Yan, Shen
contents We present PiLoT, a unified framework that tackles UAV-based ego and target geo-localization. Conventional approaches rely on decoupled pipelines that fuse GNSS and Visual-Inertial Odometry (VIO) for ego-pose estimation, and active sensors like laser rangefinders for target localization. However, these methods are susceptible to failure in GNSS-denied environments and incur substantial hardware costs and complexity. PiLoT breaks this paradigm by directly registering live video stream against a geo-referenced 3D map. To achieve robust, accurate, and real-time performance, we introduce three key contributions: 1) a Dual-Thread Engine that decouples map rendering from core localization thread, ensuring both low latency while maintaining drift-free accuracy; 2) a large-scale synthetic dataset with precise geometric annotations (camera pose, depth maps). This dataset enables the training of a lightweight network that generalizes in a zero-shot manner from simulation to real data; and 3) a Joint Neural-Guided Stochastic-Gradient Optimizer (JNGO) that achieves robust convergence even under aggressive motion. Evaluations on a comprehensive set of public and newly collected benchmarks show that PiLoT outperforms state-of-the-art methods while running over 25 FPS on NVIDIA Jetson Orin platform. Our code and dataset is available at: https://github.com/Choyaa/PiLoT.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_20778
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PiLoT: Neural Pixel-to-3D Registration for UAV-based Ego and Target Geo-localization
Cheng, Xiaoya
Wang, Long
Liu, Yan
Liu, Xinyi
Tan, Hanlin
Liu, Yu
Zhang, Maojun
Yan, Shen
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
We present PiLoT, a unified framework that tackles UAV-based ego and target geo-localization. Conventional approaches rely on decoupled pipelines that fuse GNSS and Visual-Inertial Odometry (VIO) for ego-pose estimation, and active sensors like laser rangefinders for target localization. However, these methods are susceptible to failure in GNSS-denied environments and incur substantial hardware costs and complexity. PiLoT breaks this paradigm by directly registering live video stream against a geo-referenced 3D map. To achieve robust, accurate, and real-time performance, we introduce three key contributions: 1) a Dual-Thread Engine that decouples map rendering from core localization thread, ensuring both low latency while maintaining drift-free accuracy; 2) a large-scale synthetic dataset with precise geometric annotations (camera pose, depth maps). This dataset enables the training of a lightweight network that generalizes in a zero-shot manner from simulation to real data; and 3) a Joint Neural-Guided Stochastic-Gradient Optimizer (JNGO) that achieves robust convergence even under aggressive motion. Evaluations on a comprehensive set of public and newly collected benchmarks show that PiLoT outperforms state-of-the-art methods while running over 25 FPS on NVIDIA Jetson Orin platform. Our code and dataset is available at: https://github.com/Choyaa/PiLoT.
title PiLoT: Neural Pixel-to-3D Registration for UAV-based Ego and Target Geo-localization
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20778