Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xia, Tian, Sinclair, Matthew, Schuh, Andreas, Ribeiro, Fabio De Sousa, Mehta, Raghav, Rasal, Rajat, Puyol-Antón, Esther, Gerber, Samuel, Petersen, Kersten, Schaap, Michiel, Glocker, Ben
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21213
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866910062884159488
author Xia, Tian
Sinclair, Matthew
Schuh, Andreas
Ribeiro, Fabio De Sousa
Mehta, Raghav
Rasal, Rajat
Puyol-Antón, Esther
Gerber, Samuel
Petersen, Kersten
Schaap, Michiel
Glocker, Ben
author_facet Xia, Tian
Sinclair, Matthew
Schuh, Andreas
Ribeiro, Fabio De Sousa
Mehta, Raghav
Rasal, Rajat
Puyol-Antón, Esther
Gerber, Samuel
Petersen, Kersten
Schaap, Michiel
Glocker, Ben
contents Counterfactual image generation enables controlled data augmentation, bias mitigation, and disease modeling. However, existing methods guided by external classifiers or regressors are limited to subject-level factors (e.g., age) and fail to produce localized structural changes, often resulting in global artifacts. Pixel-level guidance using segmentation masks has been explored, but requires user-defined counterfactual masks, which are tedious and impractical. Segmentor-guided Counterfactual Fine-Tuning (Seg-CFT) addressed this by using segmentation-derived measurements to supervise structure-specific variables, yet it remains restricted to global interventions. We propose Positional Seg-CFT, which subdivides each structure into regional segments and derives independent measurements per region, enabling spatially localized and anatomically coherent counterfactuals. Experiments on coronary CT angiography show that Pos-Seg-CFT generates realistic, region-specific modifications, providing finer spatial control for modeling disease progression.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_21213
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Positional Segmentor-Guided Counterfactual Fine-Tuning for Spatially Localized Image Synthesis
Xia, Tian
Sinclair, Matthew
Schuh, Andreas
Ribeiro, Fabio De Sousa
Mehta, Raghav
Rasal, Rajat
Puyol-Antón, Esther
Gerber, Samuel
Petersen, Kersten
Schaap, Michiel
Glocker, Ben
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Counterfactual image generation enables controlled data augmentation, bias mitigation, and disease modeling. However, existing methods guided by external classifiers or regressors are limited to subject-level factors (e.g., age) and fail to produce localized structural changes, often resulting in global artifacts. Pixel-level guidance using segmentation masks has been explored, but requires user-defined counterfactual masks, which are tedious and impractical. Segmentor-guided Counterfactual Fine-Tuning (Seg-CFT) addressed this by using segmentation-derived measurements to supervise structure-specific variables, yet it remains restricted to global interventions. We propose Positional Seg-CFT, which subdivides each structure into regional segments and derives independent measurements per region, enabling spatially localized and anatomically coherent counterfactuals. Experiments on coronary CT angiography show that Pos-Seg-CFT generates realistic, region-specific modifications, providing finer spatial control for modeling disease progression.
title Positional Segmentor-Guided Counterfactual Fine-Tuning for Spatially Localized Image Synthesis
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21213