CALVO: Improve Serving Efficiency for LLM Inferences with Intense Network Demands

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wang, Weiye, Chen, Chen, Zhang, Junxue, Wang, Zhusheng, Yuan, Hui, Guan, Zixuan, Zheng, Xiaolong, Weng, Qizhen, Chen, Yin, Guo, Minyi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Wang, Weiye
Chen, Chen
Zhang, Junxue
Wang, Zhusheng
Yuan, Hui
Guan, Zixuan
Zheng, Xiaolong
Weng, Qizhen
Chen, Yin
Guo, Minyi
author_facet Wang, Weiye
Chen, Chen
Zhang, Junxue
Wang, Zhusheng
Yuan, Hui
Guan, Zixuan
Zheng, Xiaolong
Weng, Qizhen
Chen, Yin
Guo, Minyi
contents Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance bottleneck. Such network-intensive LLM inference is expected to become increasingly common as agentic AI workloads continue to grow. However, existing LLM inference engines remain largely compute-centric: they treat KVCache loading as a subordinate phase to GPU execution and often fail to account for its delay explicitly during scheduling. We present CALVO, an LLM serving engine that treats KVCache loading as a first-class concern. CALVO decouples KVCache loading and GPU computation into independently managed, asynchronously progressing stages, enabling better utilization of network, PCIe, and computation resources. In addition, CALVO incorporates KVCache loading delay as an explicit component of per-request service cost, leading to more accurate scheduling decisions. Experiments on a real testbed with diverse long-context workloads show that CALVO substantially improves the efficiency of network-intensive LLM inference, achieving up to 61.67% higher SLO attainment than the baseline.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_21257
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CALVO: Improve Serving Efficiency for LLM Inferences with Intense Network Demands
Wang, Weiye
Chen, Chen
Zhang, Junxue
Wang, Zhusheng
Yuan, Hui
Guan, Zixuan
Zheng, Xiaolong
Weng, Qizhen
Chen, Yin
Guo, Minyi
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance bottleneck. Such network-intensive LLM inference is expected to become increasingly common as agentic AI workloads continue to grow. However, existing LLM inference engines remain largely compute-centric: they treat KVCache loading as a subordinate phase to GPU execution and often fail to account for its delay explicitly during scheduling. We present CALVO, an LLM serving engine that treats KVCache loading as a first-class concern. CALVO decouples KVCache loading and GPU computation into independently managed, asynchronously progressing stages, enabling better utilization of network, PCIe, and computation resources. In addition, CALVO incorporates KVCache loading delay as an explicit component of per-request service cost, leading to more accurate scheduling decisions. Experiments on a real testbed with diverse long-context workloads show that CALVO substantially improves the efficiency of network-intensive LLM inference, achieving up to 61.67% higher SLO attainment than the baseline.
title CALVO: Improve Serving Efficiency for LLM Inferences with Intense Network Demands
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21257