Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Models

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Hauptverfasser: Jin, Hyundong, Han, Dongyoon, Kim, Eunwoo
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Jin, Hyundong
Han, Dongyoon
Kim, Eunwoo
author_facet Jin, Hyundong
Han, Dongyoon
Kim, Eunwoo
contents Continual unlearning poses the challenge of enabling large vision-language models to selectively refuse specific image-instruction pairs in response to sequential deletion requests, while preserving general utility. However, sequential unlearning updates distort shared representations, creating spurious associations between vision-language pairs and refusal behaviors that hinder precise identification of refusal targets, resulting in inappropriate refusals. To address this challenge, we propose a novel continual unlearning framework that grounds refusal behavior in fine-grained descriptions of visual and textual concepts decomposed from deletion targets. We first identify which visual-linguistic concept combinations characterize each forget category through a concept modulator, then determine how to generate appropriate refusal responses via a mixture of refusal experts, termed refusers, each specialized for concept-aligned refusal generation. To generate concept-specific refusal responses across sequential tasks, we introduce a multimodal, concept-driven routing scheme that reuses refusers for tasks sharing similar concepts and adapts underutilized ones for novel concepts. Extensive experiments on vision-language benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms existing methods by generating concept-grounded refusal responses and preserving the general utility across unlearning sequences.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_21484
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Models
Jin, Hyundong
Han, Dongyoon
Kim, Eunwoo
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Continual unlearning poses the challenge of enabling large vision-language models to selectively refuse specific image-instruction pairs in response to sequential deletion requests, while preserving general utility. However, sequential unlearning updates distort shared representations, creating spurious associations between vision-language pairs and refusal behaviors that hinder precise identification of refusal targets, resulting in inappropriate refusals. To address this challenge, we propose a novel continual unlearning framework that grounds refusal behavior in fine-grained descriptions of visual and textual concepts decomposed from deletion targets. We first identify which visual-linguistic concept combinations characterize each forget category through a concept modulator, then determine how to generate appropriate refusal responses via a mixture of refusal experts, termed refusers, each specialized for concept-aligned refusal generation. To generate concept-specific refusal responses across sequential tasks, we introduce a multimodal, concept-driven routing scheme that reuses refusers for tasks sharing similar concepts and adapts underutilized ones for novel concepts. Extensive experiments on vision-language benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms existing methods by generating concept-grounded refusal responses and preserving the general utility across unlearning sequences.
title Which Concepts to Forget and How to Refuse? Decomposing Concepts for Continual Unlearning in Large Vision-Language Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21484