Optimal local linear convergence of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method for $C^2$ functions under the Polyak--Łojasiewicz inequality

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Feng, Zixu, Yuan, Hao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Feng, Zixu
Yuan, Hao
author_facet Feng, Zixu
Yuan, Hao
contents In this work, we establish that Nesterov's accelerated gradient method, applied to $C^2$ functions satisfying the Polyak--Łojasiewicz inequality around local minimizers, achieves the optimal local linear convergence rate $ρ=\frac{\sqrt{3L+μ}-2\sqrtμ}{\sqrt{3L+μ}}+\varepsilon$, where $\varepsilon$ is an arbitrarily small constant. Our analysis requires neither higher-order smoothness beyond $C^2$ of the objective function nor any additional geometric regularity of the submanifold of local minimizers. The key novelty lies in a two-stage argument: we first establish a coarse yet valid local linear convergence rate and then, building upon this a priori convergence guarantee, obtain a refined characterization of the linearized iteration operator, which yields the optimal rate. As a result, we only need to slightly strengthen the standard $C^{1,1}$ assumption, which is commonly required in theoretical analyses of linear convergence for first-order methods, to $C^2$ smoothness. Moreover, the same analytical framework allows us to recover, under identical conditions, the optimal local exponential convergence rate $\sqrtμ$ for the continuous-time Heavy Ball dynamics. Finally, a representative numerical experiment corroborates our theoretical findings.
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spellingShingle Optimal local linear convergence of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method for $C^2$ functions under the Polyak--Łojasiewicz inequality
Feng, Zixu
Yuan, Hao
Optimization and Control
Numerical Analysis
In this work, we establish that Nesterov's accelerated gradient method, applied to $C^2$ functions satisfying the Polyak--Łojasiewicz inequality around local minimizers, achieves the optimal local linear convergence rate $ρ=\frac{\sqrt{3L+μ}-2\sqrtμ}{\sqrt{3L+μ}}+\varepsilon$, where $\varepsilon$ is an arbitrarily small constant. Our analysis requires neither higher-order smoothness beyond $C^2$ of the objective function nor any additional geometric regularity of the submanifold of local minimizers. The key novelty lies in a two-stage argument: we first establish a coarse yet valid local linear convergence rate and then, building upon this a priori convergence guarantee, obtain a refined characterization of the linearized iteration operator, which yields the optimal rate. As a result, we only need to slightly strengthen the standard $C^{1,1}$ assumption, which is commonly required in theoretical analyses of linear convergence for first-order methods, to $C^2$ smoothness. Moreover, the same analytical framework allows us to recover, under identical conditions, the optimal local exponential convergence rate $\sqrtμ$ for the continuous-time Heavy Ball dynamics. Finally, a representative numerical experiment corroborates our theoretical findings.
title Optimal local linear convergence of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method for $C^2$ functions under the Polyak--Łojasiewicz inequality
topic Optimization and Control
Numerical Analysis
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21516