A Curated List of Open-source Software-only Energy Efficiency Measurement Tools: A GitHub Mining Study

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Hauptverfasser: Cannizza, Manuela Bechara, Albonico, Michel
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Cannizza, Manuela Bechara
Albonico, Michel
author_facet Cannizza, Manuela Bechara
Albonico, Michel
contents Energy efficiency has become a growing concern in software development, leading to the need for tools designed to measure energy consumption. While several energy measurement tools are available as open-source projects, their characteristics and adoption remain underexplored. This work presents an empirical study based on a Mining Software Repositories (MSR) approach to identify, classify, and analyze software energy monitoring tools publicly available on GitHub. We qualitatively analyzed an initial dataset of 585 repositories to identify key design aspects, including measurement granularity and underlying design principles. After this analysis, we retained 24 repositories as relevant energy measuring software tools. The qualitative analysis we conduct reveals a clear evolution from early CPU-centric and machine-level monitoring utilities toward more diverse tools that support multi-level granularity (process, container, and AI workload levels) and integrate emission estimation capabilities. This study provides the first structured overview of open-source energy and emission measurement tools from an MSR perspective, which may be beneficial for software architects when designing energy-aware software.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_21772
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Curated List of Open-source Software-only Energy Efficiency Measurement Tools: A GitHub Mining Study
Cannizza, Manuela Bechara
Albonico, Michel
Software Engineering
Emerging Technologies
Energy efficiency has become a growing concern in software development, leading to the need for tools designed to measure energy consumption. While several energy measurement tools are available as open-source projects, their characteristics and adoption remain underexplored. This work presents an empirical study based on a Mining Software Repositories (MSR) approach to identify, classify, and analyze software energy monitoring tools publicly available on GitHub. We qualitatively analyzed an initial dataset of 585 repositories to identify key design aspects, including measurement granularity and underlying design principles. After this analysis, we retained 24 repositories as relevant energy measuring software tools. The qualitative analysis we conduct reveals a clear evolution from early CPU-centric and machine-level monitoring utilities toward more diverse tools that support multi-level granularity (process, container, and AI workload levels) and integrate emission estimation capabilities. This study provides the first structured overview of open-source energy and emission measurement tools from an MSR perspective, which may be beneficial for software architects when designing energy-aware software.
title A Curated List of Open-source Software-only Energy Efficiency Measurement Tools: A GitHub Mining Study
topic Software Engineering
Emerging Technologies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.21772