The full evolution of the type-C QPO in MAXI J1348-630 revealed by Insight-HXMT
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2026
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| author | Wang, X. -L. Yan, Z. Xie, F. -G. Wang, J. -F. Li, Y. -X. Liu, Z. -Y. Ma, R. -Y. |
| author_facet | Wang, X. -L. Yan, Z. Xie, F. -G. Wang, J. -F. Li, Y. -X. Liu, Z. -Y. Ma, R. -Y. |
| contents | Based on abundant data from Insight-HXMT, we conducted a detailed analysis of type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348-630. Type-C QPOs were intensively detected over a broad energy band, with frequencies ranging from 0.24 to 10.3 Hz, and several new evolutionary features were identified. First, although type-C QPOs reappear intermittently, they show a stable characteristic frequency around 7 Hz. This implies a characteristic spatial scale for the QPO emission region, despite large variations in outburst intensity. Second, from the hard state to the hard-intermediate state, type-C QPOs display a harder fractional rms spectrum, with the rms peak shifting toward high energies (>20 keV) and an amplitude exceeding 10 %. This hard rms spectrum favors a high-energy origin for type-C QPOs. The spectral hardening occurs simultaneously with the weakening of the compact jet, suggesting a physical connection between these two processes. Finally, we observed hysteresis in the QPO frequency-flux relation, with the hysteresis loop evolving in opposite directions between the main and mini-outbursts. This offers a new perspective on the physical differences between the two outburst types, which may arise from variations in initial magnetic field conditions. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_22100 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The full evolution of the type-C QPO in MAXI J1348-630 revealed by Insight-HXMT Wang, X. -L. Yan, Z. Xie, F. -G. Wang, J. -F. Li, Y. -X. Liu, Z. -Y. Ma, R. -Y. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Based on abundant data from Insight-HXMT, we conducted a detailed analysis of type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348-630. Type-C QPOs were intensively detected over a broad energy band, with frequencies ranging from 0.24 to 10.3 Hz, and several new evolutionary features were identified. First, although type-C QPOs reappear intermittently, they show a stable characteristic frequency around 7 Hz. This implies a characteristic spatial scale for the QPO emission region, despite large variations in outburst intensity. Second, from the hard state to the hard-intermediate state, type-C QPOs display a harder fractional rms spectrum, with the rms peak shifting toward high energies (>20 keV) and an amplitude exceeding 10 %. This hard rms spectrum favors a high-energy origin for type-C QPOs. The spectral hardening occurs simultaneously with the weakening of the compact jet, suggesting a physical connection between these two processes. Finally, we observed hysteresis in the QPO frequency-flux relation, with the hysteresis loop evolving in opposite directions between the main and mini-outbursts. This offers a new perspective on the physical differences between the two outburst types, which may arise from variations in initial magnetic field conditions. |
| title | The full evolution of the type-C QPO in MAXI J1348-630 revealed by Insight-HXMT |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22100 |