_version_ 1866908907135303680
author Melnick, Gary J.
Hora, Joseph L.
Ashby, Matthew L. N.
Tolls, Volker
Kim, Jaeyeong
Lisse, Carey M.
Paladini, Roberta
Werner, Michael W.
Lee, Jeong-Eun
Kim, Young-Jun
Kang, Miju
Cheng, Yun-Ting
Bock, James J.
Crill, Brendan P.
Cukierman, Ari
Dore, Olivier
Faisst, Andreas
Hui, Howard
Jeong, Woong-Seob
Kim, Chul-Hwan
Lee, Ho-Gyu
Lee, Jae-Joon
Masters, Daniel
Nguyen, Chi H.
Noh, Jinyoung
Seok, Ji Yeon
Yang, Soung-Chul
Yang, Yujin
Zemcov, Michael
author_facet Melnick, Gary J.
Hora, Joseph L.
Ashby, Matthew L. N.
Tolls, Volker
Kim, Jaeyeong
Lisse, Carey M.
Paladini, Roberta
Werner, Michael W.
Lee, Jeong-Eun
Kim, Young-Jun
Kang, Miju
Cheng, Yun-Ting
Bock, James J.
Crill, Brendan P.
Cukierman, Ari
Dore, Olivier
Faisst, Andreas
Hui, Howard
Jeong, Woong-Seob
Kim, Chul-Hwan
Lee, Ho-Gyu
Lee, Jae-Joon
Masters, Daniel
Nguyen, Chi H.
Noh, Jinyoung
Seok, Ji Yeon
Yang, Soung-Chul
Yang, Yujin
Zemcov, Michael
contents SPHEREx is a NASA mission designed to perform an all-sky spectroscopic survey in the 0.75 - 5 $μ$m wavelength range. Its primary science objectives are to investigate: (1) inflationary cosmology, (2) the history of galaxy formation, and (3) the abundance of molecular ices - critical for prebiotic chemistry - found on the surfaces of interstellar dust grains within planet-forming regions. This paper focuses on the third theme, the SPHEREx Ices investigation, for which SPHEREx is conducting a spectroscopic survey of nearly ten million preselected sources throughout the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds to characterize their ice absorption features. By selecting targets based on infrared color, spatial isolation, and brightness, the Ices Investigation secures high-signal-to-noise spectra across a broad range of astrophysical environments that are relatively free of spectral contamination. Rather than attempting to decompose each spectrum into its individual ice components, the Ices Investigation prioritizes accurate measurements of the integrated optical depths of key molecular ice absorption features. This approach enables statistically powerful correlation studies between ice abundances and environmental parameters - including extinction, temperature, gas composition, radiation field strength, cosmic ray flux, and star formation activity. The data pipeline developed for this purpose incorporates machine learning for continuum estimation, drawing on both SPHEREx and ancillary datasets. Ultimately, the expansive spectral archive produced by SPHEREx, combined with targeted follow-up from facilities like JWST, will transform our understanding of Galactic ice formation, evolution, abundance and their inheritance into planetary systems and prebiotic inventories.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_22135
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The SPHEREx Ices Investigation: An Overview
Melnick, Gary J.
Hora, Joseph L.
Ashby, Matthew L. N.
Tolls, Volker
Kim, Jaeyeong
Lisse, Carey M.
Paladini, Roberta
Werner, Michael W.
Lee, Jeong-Eun
Kim, Young-Jun
Kang, Miju
Cheng, Yun-Ting
Bock, James J.
Crill, Brendan P.
Cukierman, Ari
Dore, Olivier
Faisst, Andreas
Hui, Howard
Jeong, Woong-Seob
Kim, Chul-Hwan
Lee, Ho-Gyu
Lee, Jae-Joon
Masters, Daniel
Nguyen, Chi H.
Noh, Jinyoung
Seok, Ji Yeon
Yang, Soung-Chul
Yang, Yujin
Zemcov, Michael
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
SPHEREx is a NASA mission designed to perform an all-sky spectroscopic survey in the 0.75 - 5 $μ$m wavelength range. Its primary science objectives are to investigate: (1) inflationary cosmology, (2) the history of galaxy formation, and (3) the abundance of molecular ices - critical for prebiotic chemistry - found on the surfaces of interstellar dust grains within planet-forming regions. This paper focuses on the third theme, the SPHEREx Ices investigation, for which SPHEREx is conducting a spectroscopic survey of nearly ten million preselected sources throughout the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds to characterize their ice absorption features. By selecting targets based on infrared color, spatial isolation, and brightness, the Ices Investigation secures high-signal-to-noise spectra across a broad range of astrophysical environments that are relatively free of spectral contamination. Rather than attempting to decompose each spectrum into its individual ice components, the Ices Investigation prioritizes accurate measurements of the integrated optical depths of key molecular ice absorption features. This approach enables statistically powerful correlation studies between ice abundances and environmental parameters - including extinction, temperature, gas composition, radiation field strength, cosmic ray flux, and star formation activity. The data pipeline developed for this purpose incorporates machine learning for continuum estimation, drawing on both SPHEREx and ancillary datasets. Ultimately, the expansive spectral archive produced by SPHEREx, combined with targeted follow-up from facilities like JWST, will transform our understanding of Galactic ice formation, evolution, abundance and their inheritance into planetary systems and prebiotic inventories.
title The SPHEREx Ices Investigation: An Overview
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22135