Closed-Loop Verbal Reinforcement Learning for Task-Level Robotic Planning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Plotnikov, Dmitrii, Kolomiets, Iaroslav, Maliukov, Dmitrii, Kosenkov, Dmitrij, Zinniatullina, Daniia, Trandofilov, Artem, Gazaryan, Georgii, Bogatikov, Kirill, Kozlov, Timofei, Duchinskii, Igor, Konenkov, Mikhail, Cabrera, Miguel Altamirano, Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Plotnikov, Dmitrii
Kolomiets, Iaroslav
Maliukov, Dmitrii
Kosenkov, Dmitrij
Zinniatullina, Daniia
Trandofilov, Artem
Gazaryan, Georgii
Bogatikov, Kirill
Kozlov, Timofei
Duchinskii, Igor
Konenkov, Mikhail
Cabrera, Miguel Altamirano
Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
author_facet Plotnikov, Dmitrii
Kolomiets, Iaroslav
Maliukov, Dmitrii
Kosenkov, Dmitrij
Zinniatullina, Daniia
Trandofilov, Artem
Gazaryan, Georgii
Bogatikov, Kirill
Kozlov, Timofei
Duchinskii, Igor
Konenkov, Mikhail
Cabrera, Miguel Altamirano
Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
contents We propose a new Verbal Reinforcement Learning (VRL) framework for interpretable task-level planning in mobile robotic systems operating under execution uncertainty. The framework follows a closed-loop architecture that enables iterative policy improvement through interaction with the physical environment. In our framework, executable Behavior Trees are repeatedly refined by a Large Language Model actor using structured natural-language feedback produced by a Vision-Language Model critic that observes the physical robot and execution traces. Unlike conventional reinforcement learning, policy updates in VRL occur directly at the symbolic planning level, without gradient-based optimization. This enables transparent reasoning, explicit causal feedback, and human-interpretable policy evolution. We validate the proposed framework on a real mobile robot performing a multi-stage manipulation and navigation task under execution uncertainty. Experimental results show that the framework supports explainable policy improvements, closed-loop adaptation to execution failures, and reliable deployment on physical robotic systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_22169
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Closed-Loop Verbal Reinforcement Learning for Task-Level Robotic Planning
Plotnikov, Dmitrii
Kolomiets, Iaroslav
Maliukov, Dmitrii
Kosenkov, Dmitrij
Zinniatullina, Daniia
Trandofilov, Artem
Gazaryan, Georgii
Bogatikov, Kirill
Kozlov, Timofei
Duchinskii, Igor
Konenkov, Mikhail
Cabrera, Miguel Altamirano
Tsetserukou, Dzmitry
Robotics
We propose a new Verbal Reinforcement Learning (VRL) framework for interpretable task-level planning in mobile robotic systems operating under execution uncertainty. The framework follows a closed-loop architecture that enables iterative policy improvement through interaction with the physical environment. In our framework, executable Behavior Trees are repeatedly refined by a Large Language Model actor using structured natural-language feedback produced by a Vision-Language Model critic that observes the physical robot and execution traces. Unlike conventional reinforcement learning, policy updates in VRL occur directly at the symbolic planning level, without gradient-based optimization. This enables transparent reasoning, explicit causal feedback, and human-interpretable policy evolution. We validate the proposed framework on a real mobile robot performing a multi-stage manipulation and navigation task under execution uncertainty. Experimental results show that the framework supports explainable policy improvements, closed-loop adaptation to execution failures, and reliable deployment on physical robotic systems.
title Closed-Loop Verbal Reinforcement Learning for Task-Level Robotic Planning
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22169