Dimpled scalar vortex coronagraph laboratory demonstration

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Desai, Niyati, Ruane, Garreth, Redmond, Susan, Mawet, Dimitri, Serabyn, Eugene, Mennesson, Bertrand
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866911555382149120
author Desai, Niyati
Ruane, Garreth
Redmond, Susan
Mawet, Dimitri
Serabyn, Eugene
Mennesson, Bertrand
author_facet Desai, Niyati
Ruane, Garreth
Redmond, Susan
Mawet, Dimitri
Serabyn, Eugene
Mennesson, Bertrand
contents Achieving the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) goal of 10^-10 contrast at a separation of 3 $λ$/D across a 20% bandwidth requires coronagraph focal plane masks with both broadband high contrast performance and high planet throughput. Scalar vortex coronagraphs (SVCs) offer a promising alternative to polarization-sensitive vector vortex designs but face chromatic limitations. This work presents the latest laboratory demonstrations of second-generation scalar vortex prototypes that incorporate radial phase dimples to improve broadband starlight suppression. We compare these new "dimpled" sawtooth masks to previous-generation scalar designs through high-contrast imaging experiments on the In-Air Coronagraph Testbed. Using electric field conjugation, we achieve near testbed-limited contrasts across both narrow (2%) and broadband (10%) spectral ranges. We report the best in-air contrasts achieved to date for scalar vortex masks across narrow and broadband spectral ranges and we also show that the dimpled vortex predicted bench-limited contrast performances for 2%, 10% and 18% bandwidths agree with the measured lab contrasts within a factor of two. These results highlight the potential of topographically achromatized scalar vortex masks as candidates for future space-based high-contrast imaging missions and mark a significant step toward polarization-independent coronagraphs capable of meeting HWO performance requirements.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_22551
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dimpled scalar vortex coronagraph laboratory demonstration
Desai, Niyati
Ruane, Garreth
Redmond, Susan
Mawet, Dimitri
Serabyn, Eugene
Mennesson, Bertrand
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Achieving the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) goal of 10^-10 contrast at a separation of 3 $λ$/D across a 20% bandwidth requires coronagraph focal plane masks with both broadband high contrast performance and high planet throughput. Scalar vortex coronagraphs (SVCs) offer a promising alternative to polarization-sensitive vector vortex designs but face chromatic limitations. This work presents the latest laboratory demonstrations of second-generation scalar vortex prototypes that incorporate radial phase dimples to improve broadband starlight suppression. We compare these new "dimpled" sawtooth masks to previous-generation scalar designs through high-contrast imaging experiments on the In-Air Coronagraph Testbed. Using electric field conjugation, we achieve near testbed-limited contrasts across both narrow (2%) and broadband (10%) spectral ranges. We report the best in-air contrasts achieved to date for scalar vortex masks across narrow and broadband spectral ranges and we also show that the dimpled vortex predicted bench-limited contrast performances for 2%, 10% and 18% bandwidths agree with the measured lab contrasts within a factor of two. These results highlight the potential of topographically achromatized scalar vortex masks as candidates for future space-based high-contrast imaging missions and mark a significant step toward polarization-independent coronagraphs capable of meeting HWO performance requirements.
title Dimpled scalar vortex coronagraph laboratory demonstration
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22551