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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: van Dam, Edwin R., Monzillo, Giusy, Penjić, Safet
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22601
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author van Dam, Edwin R.
Monzillo, Giusy
Penjić, Safet
author_facet van Dam, Edwin R.
Monzillo, Giusy
Penjić, Safet
contents Let $Γ$ be a connected regular graph with an eigenvalue $λ$ and corresponding idempotent $E_λ$. Let ${\cal E}_λ=\langle J,E_λ\rangle^\circ$ be the algebra generated by $J$ and $E_λ$ with respect to the entrywise-Hadamard product, where $J$ is the all-$1$ matrix. We study the combinatorial structure of a graph $Γ$ for which ${\cal E}_λ$ has dimension $2$, giving a combinatorial characterization of such graphs in terms of equitable partitions. We present many examples and classify the distance-regular graphs with this property, as well as graphs that generate a $3$-class association scheme. We also study the graphs that have two eigenvalues $λ$ for which ${\rm dim}({\cal E}_λ)=2$ and determine all such graphs with four distinct eigenvalues.
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the combinatorial structure of graphs with a spectral idempotent of small dual diameter
van Dam, Edwin R.
Monzillo, Giusy
Penjić, Safet
Combinatorics
Let $Γ$ be a connected regular graph with an eigenvalue $λ$ and corresponding idempotent $E_λ$. Let ${\cal E}_λ=\langle J,E_λ\rangle^\circ$ be the algebra generated by $J$ and $E_λ$ with respect to the entrywise-Hadamard product, where $J$ is the all-$1$ matrix. We study the combinatorial structure of a graph $Γ$ for which ${\cal E}_λ$ has dimension $2$, giving a combinatorial characterization of such graphs in terms of equitable partitions. We present many examples and classify the distance-regular graphs with this property, as well as graphs that generate a $3$-class association scheme. We also study the graphs that have two eigenvalues $λ$ for which ${\rm dim}({\cal E}_λ)=2$ and determine all such graphs with four distinct eigenvalues.
title On the combinatorial structure of graphs with a spectral idempotent of small dual diameter
topic Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22601