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MAGIC observations of NGC 4278. The first low-luminosity radio galaxy with compact jets detected at TeV energies

Fuente: arXiv
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Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali: Abe, S., Abhir, J., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Arnesen, T. T. H., Babić, A., Bakshi, C., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Barrios-Jiménez, L., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Cerviño, A., Chilingarian, A., Santos, A. Cifuentes, Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Ammando, F., D'Amico, G., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Dinesh, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Fariña, L., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Soto, S. García, Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Harutyunyan, G., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Israyelyan, D., Jahanvi, J., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Quiles, J. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kankkunen, S., Kayanoki, T., Kouch, P. M., Koziol, G., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lulić, L, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Marchesi, S., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Maruševec, P., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Gallego, J. Méndez, Menon, S., Miceli, D., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Nanci, C., Negro, A., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nozaki, S., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Roy, A., Sahakyan, N., Saturni, F. G., Schmitz, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Simongini, A., Sitarek, J., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Barberà, J. Tartera, Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Visentin, E., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Walther, C., Wersig, F., Will, M., Yeung, P. K. H., Torresi, E., Migliori, G., Grandi, P.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
Soggetti:
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
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author Abe, S.
Abhir, J.
Acciari, V. A.
Aguasca-Cabot, A.
Agudo, I.
Aniello, T.
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Engels, A. Arbet
Arcaro, C.
Arnesen, T. T. H.
Babić, A.
Bakshi, C.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Barrio, J. A.
Barrios-Jiménez, L.
Batković, I.
Baxter, J.
González, J. Becerra
Bednarek, W.
Bernardini, E.
Bernete, J.
Berti, A.
Besenrieder, J.
Bigongiari, C.
Biland, A.
Blanch, O.
Bonnoli, G.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Bronzini, E.
Burelli, I.
Campoy-Ordaz, A.
Carosi, A.
Carosi, R.
Carretero-Castrillo, M.
Castro-Tirado, A. J.
Cerasole, D.
Ceribella, G.
Cerviño, A.
Chilingarian, A.
Santos, A. Cifuentes
Contreras, J. L.
Cortina, J.
Covino, S.
D'Ammando, F.
D'Amico, G.
Da Vela, P.
Dazzi, F.
De Angelis, A.
De Lotto, B.
de Menezes, R.
Delgado, J.
Mendez, C. Delgado
Di Pierro, F.
Di Tria, R.
Di Venere, L.
Dinesh, A.
Prester, D. Dominis
Dorner, D.
Doro, M.
Eisenberger, L.
Elsaesser, D.
Fariña, L.
Foffano, L.
Font, L.
Fröse, S.
Fukazawa, Y.
López, R. J. García
Soto, S. García
Gasparyan, S.
Gaug, M.
Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht
Giglietto, N.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Gradetzke, T.
Grau, R.
Green, J. G.
Günther, P.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Harutyunyan, G.
Hassan, T.
Heckmann, L.
Llorente, J. Herrera
Hrupec, D.
Israyelyan, D.
Jahanvi, J.
Martínez, I. Jiménez
Quiles, J. Jiménez
Jormanainen, J.
Kankkunen, S.
Kayanoki, T.
Kouch, P. M.
Koziol, G.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Láinez, M.
Lamastra, A.
Lindfors, E.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López-Coto, R.
López-Moya, M.
López-Oramas, A.
Loporchio, S.
Lulić, L
Majumdar, P.
Makariev, M.
Maneva, G.
Manganaro, M.
Mangano, S.
Marchesi, S.
Mariotti, M.
Martínez, M.
Maruševec, P.
Mazin, D.
Menchiari, S.
Gallego, J. Méndez
Menon, S.
Miceli, D.
Mirzoyan, R.
González, M. Molero
Molina, E.
Mondal, H. A.
Moralejo, A.
Nanci, C.
Negro, A.
Neustroev, V.
Rosillo, M. Nievas
Nigro, C.
Nikolić, L.
Nilsson, K.
Nozaki, S.
Okumura, A.
Otero-Santos, J.
Paiano, S.
Paneque, D.
Paoletti, R.
Paredes, J. M.
Peresano, M.
Persic, M.
Pihet, M.
Pirola, G.
Podobnik, F.
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Prandini, E.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, M.
Rico, J.
Roy, A.
Sahakyan, N.
Saturni, F. G.
Schmitz, K.
Schmuckermaier, F.
Schweizer, T.
Sciaccaluga, A.
Silvestri, G.
Simongini, A.
Sitarek, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Stamerra, A.
Strišković, J.
Strom, D.
Strzys, M.
Suda, Y.
Tajima, H.
Takahashi, M.
Takeishi, R.
Barberà, J. Tartera
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Tutone, A.
Ubach, S.
van Scherpenberg, J.
Acosta, M. Vazquez
Ventura, S.
Verna, G.
Viale, I.
Vigliano, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Visentin, E.
Vitale, V.
Vovk, I.
Walter, R.
Walther, C.
Wersig, F.
Will, M.
Yeung, P. K. H.
Torresi, E.
Migliori, G.
Grandi, P.
author_facet Abe, S.
Abhir, J.
Acciari, V. A.
Aguasca-Cabot, A.
Agudo, I.
Aniello, T.
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Engels, A. Arbet
Arcaro, C.
Arnesen, T. T. H.
Babić, A.
Bakshi, C.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Barrio, J. A.
Barrios-Jiménez, L.
Batković, I.
Baxter, J.
González, J. Becerra
Bednarek, W.
Bernardini, E.
Bernete, J.
Berti, A.
Besenrieder, J.
Bigongiari, C.
Biland, A.
Blanch, O.
Bonnoli, G.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Bronzini, E.
Burelli, I.
Campoy-Ordaz, A.
Carosi, A.
Carosi, R.
Carretero-Castrillo, M.
Castro-Tirado, A. J.
Cerasole, D.
Ceribella, G.
Cerviño, A.
Chilingarian, A.
Santos, A. Cifuentes
Contreras, J. L.
Cortina, J.
Covino, S.
D'Ammando, F.
D'Amico, G.
Da Vela, P.
Dazzi, F.
De Angelis, A.
De Lotto, B.
de Menezes, R.
Delgado, J.
Mendez, C. Delgado
Di Pierro, F.
Di Tria, R.
Di Venere, L.
Dinesh, A.
Prester, D. Dominis
Dorner, D.
Doro, M.
Eisenberger, L.
Elsaesser, D.
Fariña, L.
Foffano, L.
Font, L.
Fröse, S.
Fukazawa, Y.
López, R. J. García
Soto, S. García
Gasparyan, S.
Gaug, M.
Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht
Giglietto, N.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Gradetzke, T.
Grau, R.
Green, J. G.
Günther, P.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Harutyunyan, G.
Hassan, T.
Heckmann, L.
Llorente, J. Herrera
Hrupec, D.
Israyelyan, D.
Jahanvi, J.
Martínez, I. Jiménez
Quiles, J. Jiménez
Jormanainen, J.
Kankkunen, S.
Kayanoki, T.
Kouch, P. M.
Koziol, G.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Láinez, M.
Lamastra, A.
Lindfors, E.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López-Coto, R.
López-Moya, M.
López-Oramas, A.
Loporchio, S.
Lulić, L
Majumdar, P.
Makariev, M.
Maneva, G.
Manganaro, M.
Mangano, S.
Marchesi, S.
Mariotti, M.
Martínez, M.
Maruševec, P.
Mazin, D.
Menchiari, S.
Gallego, J. Méndez
Menon, S.
Miceli, D.
Mirzoyan, R.
González, M. Molero
Molina, E.
Mondal, H. A.
Moralejo, A.
Nanci, C.
Negro, A.
Neustroev, V.
Rosillo, M. Nievas
Nigro, C.
Nikolić, L.
Nilsson, K.
Nozaki, S.
Okumura, A.
Otero-Santos, J.
Paiano, S.
Paneque, D.
Paoletti, R.
Paredes, J. M.
Peresano, M.
Persic, M.
Pihet, M.
Pirola, G.
Podobnik, F.
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Prandini, E.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, M.
Rico, J.
Roy, A.
Sahakyan, N.
Saturni, F. G.
Schmitz, K.
Schmuckermaier, F.
Schweizer, T.
Sciaccaluga, A.
Silvestri, G.
Simongini, A.
Sitarek, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Stamerra, A.
Strišković, J.
Strom, D.
Strzys, M.
Suda, Y.
Tajima, H.
Takahashi, M.
Takeishi, R.
Barberà, J. Tartera
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Tutone, A.
Ubach, S.
van Scherpenberg, J.
Acosta, M. Vazquez
Ventura, S.
Verna, G.
Viale, I.
Vigliano, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Visentin, E.
Vitale, V.
Vovk, I.
Walter, R.
Walther, C.
Wersig, F.
Will, M.
Yeung, P. K. H.
Torresi, E.
Migliori, G.
Grandi, P.
contents The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Collaboration has recently reported the first detection at TeV energies of a low-luminosity radio galaxy, NGC 4278. The aim of this work is to investigate the high-energy properties of NGC 4278 during the flaring and subsequent quasi-quiescent states with the Florian Goebel Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes. NGC 4278 is located in the field of view of two blazars, 1ES 1215+303 and 1ES 1218+304, previously observed by the MAGIC telescopes. Therefore, we re-analyzed MAGIC observations made between 2010 and 2024 on these sources. We also modeled the broadband spectral energy distribution of the source during and after the flaring state at TeV energies. We did not detect any statistically significant $γ$-ray emission from NGC 4278 with MAGIC. The corresponding upper limits obtained using the entire MAGIC dataset ($F_{{\rm UL, }\, >150\, \mathrm{GeV}}=1.5 \times 10^{-12}\, \mathrm{ph \, s^{-1}\, cm^{-2}}$) are consistent with the LHAASO results. The best-fit models obtained for both emission states suggest that the emitting region is strongly particle-dominated, and an efficient acceleration mechanism has to be in action in order to reach TeV energies. The transition between the flaring and quasi-quiescent state cannot be explained by a simple radiative cooling of the emitting particles. The inferred jet power, of the order of $L_{\rm jet}\sim 10^{42}\, \mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$, is dominated by the kinetic component in both states and it is in a good agreement with previous, time-averaged observational estimates, supporting the idea that such high-energy flares might be recurrent. The jet, however, remains too weak to break the host-galaxy confinement.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_22955
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MAGIC observations of NGC 4278. The first low-luminosity radio galaxy with compact jets detected at TeV energies
Abe, S.
Abhir, J.
Acciari, V. A.
Aguasca-Cabot, A.
Agudo, I.
Aniello, T.
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Engels, A. Arbet
Arcaro, C.
Arnesen, T. T. H.
Babić, A.
Bakshi, C.
de Almeida, U. Barres
Barrio, J. A.
Barrios-Jiménez, L.
Batković, I.
Baxter, J.
González, J. Becerra
Bednarek, W.
Bernardini, E.
Bernete, J.
Berti, A.
Besenrieder, J.
Bigongiari, C.
Biland, A.
Blanch, O.
Bonnoli, G.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Bronzini, E.
Burelli, I.
Campoy-Ordaz, A.
Carosi, A.
Carosi, R.
Carretero-Castrillo, M.
Castro-Tirado, A. J.
Cerasole, D.
Ceribella, G.
Cerviño, A.
Chilingarian, A.
Santos, A. Cifuentes
Contreras, J. L.
Cortina, J.
Covino, S.
D'Ammando, F.
D'Amico, G.
Da Vela, P.
Dazzi, F.
De Angelis, A.
De Lotto, B.
de Menezes, R.
Delgado, J.
Mendez, C. Delgado
Di Pierro, F.
Di Tria, R.
Di Venere, L.
Dinesh, A.
Prester, D. Dominis
Dorner, D.
Doro, M.
Eisenberger, L.
Elsaesser, D.
Fariña, L.
Foffano, L.
Font, L.
Fröse, S.
Fukazawa, Y.
López, R. J. García
Soto, S. García
Gasparyan, S.
Gaug, M.
Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht
Giglietto, N.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Gradetzke, T.
Grau, R.
Green, J. G.
Günther, P.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Harutyunyan, G.
Hassan, T.
Heckmann, L.
Llorente, J. Herrera
Hrupec, D.
Israyelyan, D.
Jahanvi, J.
Martínez, I. Jiménez
Quiles, J. Jiménez
Jormanainen, J.
Kankkunen, S.
Kayanoki, T.
Kouch, P. M.
Koziol, G.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Láinez, M.
Lamastra, A.
Lindfors, E.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López-Coto, R.
López-Moya, M.
López-Oramas, A.
Loporchio, S.
Lulić, L
Majumdar, P.
Makariev, M.
Maneva, G.
Manganaro, M.
Mangano, S.
Marchesi, S.
Mariotti, M.
Martínez, M.
Maruševec, P.
Mazin, D.
Menchiari, S.
Gallego, J. Méndez
Menon, S.
Miceli, D.
Mirzoyan, R.
González, M. Molero
Molina, E.
Mondal, H. A.
Moralejo, A.
Nanci, C.
Negro, A.
Neustroev, V.
Rosillo, M. Nievas
Nigro, C.
Nikolić, L.
Nilsson, K.
Nozaki, S.
Okumura, A.
Otero-Santos, J.
Paiano, S.
Paneque, D.
Paoletti, R.
Paredes, J. M.
Peresano, M.
Persic, M.
Pihet, M.
Pirola, G.
Podobnik, F.
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Prandini, E.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, M.
Rico, J.
Roy, A.
Sahakyan, N.
Saturni, F. G.
Schmitz, K.
Schmuckermaier, F.
Schweizer, T.
Sciaccaluga, A.
Silvestri, G.
Simongini, A.
Sitarek, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Stamerra, A.
Strišković, J.
Strom, D.
Strzys, M.
Suda, Y.
Tajima, H.
Takahashi, M.
Takeishi, R.
Barberà, J. Tartera
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Tutone, A.
Ubach, S.
van Scherpenberg, J.
Acosta, M. Vazquez
Ventura, S.
Verna, G.
Viale, I.
Vigliano, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Visentin, E.
Vitale, V.
Vovk, I.
Walter, R.
Walther, C.
Wersig, F.
Will, M.
Yeung, P. K. H.
Torresi, E.
Migliori, G.
Grandi, P.
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) Collaboration has recently reported the first detection at TeV energies of a low-luminosity radio galaxy, NGC 4278. The aim of this work is to investigate the high-energy properties of NGC 4278 during the flaring and subsequent quasi-quiescent states with the Florian Goebel Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes. NGC 4278 is located in the field of view of two blazars, 1ES 1215+303 and 1ES 1218+304, previously observed by the MAGIC telescopes. Therefore, we re-analyzed MAGIC observations made between 2010 and 2024 on these sources. We also modeled the broadband spectral energy distribution of the source during and after the flaring state at TeV energies. We did not detect any statistically significant $γ$-ray emission from NGC 4278 with MAGIC. The corresponding upper limits obtained using the entire MAGIC dataset ($F_{{\rm UL, }\, >150\, \mathrm{GeV}}=1.5 \times 10^{-12}\, \mathrm{ph \, s^{-1}\, cm^{-2}}$) are consistent with the LHAASO results. The best-fit models obtained for both emission states suggest that the emitting region is strongly particle-dominated, and an efficient acceleration mechanism has to be in action in order to reach TeV energies. The transition between the flaring and quasi-quiescent state cannot be explained by a simple radiative cooling of the emitting particles. The inferred jet power, of the order of $L_{\rm jet}\sim 10^{42}\, \mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$, is dominated by the kinetic component in both states and it is in a good agreement with previous, time-averaged observational estimates, supporting the idea that such high-energy flares might be recurrent. The jet, however, remains too weak to break the host-galaxy confinement.
title MAGIC observations of NGC 4278. The first low-luminosity radio galaxy with compact jets detected at TeV energies
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.22955

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