Basis dependence of eigenstate thermalization

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Dabelow, Lennart, Eidecker-Dunkel, Christian, Reimann, Peter
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Dabelow, Lennart
Eidecker-Dunkel, Christian
Reimann, Peter
author_facet Dabelow, Lennart
Eidecker-Dunkel, Christian
Reimann, Peter
contents Eigenstate thermalization refers to the property that an energy eigenstate of a many-body system is indistinguishable from a thermal equilibrium ensemble at the same energy as far as expectation values of local observables are concerned. In systems with degeneracies, the choice of an energy eigenbasis is not unique and the fraction of basis states exhibiting eigenstate thermalization can vary. We present a simple example where this fraction vanishes in the thermodynamic limit for one basis choice, but remains nonzero for another choice. In other words, the weak eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is satisfied in the first, but violated in the second basis. We furthermore prove that degeneracies must abound whenever a system is simultaneously symmetric under spatial translations and reflection. Finally, we derive general bounds on how strongly eigenstate thermalization may depend on the choice of the basis, and we reveal some interesting implications regarding the temporal relaxation properties of such systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_23058
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Basis dependence of eigenstate thermalization
Dabelow, Lennart
Eidecker-Dunkel, Christian
Reimann, Peter
Statistical Mechanics
Quantum Physics
Eigenstate thermalization refers to the property that an energy eigenstate of a many-body system is indistinguishable from a thermal equilibrium ensemble at the same energy as far as expectation values of local observables are concerned. In systems with degeneracies, the choice of an energy eigenbasis is not unique and the fraction of basis states exhibiting eigenstate thermalization can vary. We present a simple example where this fraction vanishes in the thermodynamic limit for one basis choice, but remains nonzero for another choice. In other words, the weak eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is satisfied in the first, but violated in the second basis. We furthermore prove that degeneracies must abound whenever a system is simultaneously symmetric under spatial translations and reflection. Finally, we derive general bounds on how strongly eigenstate thermalization may depend on the choice of the basis, and we reveal some interesting implications regarding the temporal relaxation properties of such systems.
title Basis dependence of eigenstate thermalization
topic Statistical Mechanics
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23058