Guardado en:
Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lowack, Ansgar, Anton, Rafael, Xue, Bingchen, Nikolowski, Kristian, Dirksen, Cornelius, Partsch, Mareike, Michaelis, Alexander
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23340
Etiquetas: Agregar Etiqueta
Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!
_version_ 1866918406726352896
author Lowack, Ansgar
Anton, Rafael
Xue, Bingchen
Nikolowski, Kristian
Dirksen, Cornelius
Partsch, Mareike
Michaelis, Alexander
author_facet Lowack, Ansgar
Anton, Rafael
Xue, Bingchen
Nikolowski, Kristian
Dirksen, Cornelius
Partsch, Mareike
Michaelis, Alexander
contents Ceramic solid-state batteries with sodium (Na) metal electrodes promise enhanced safety and energy density compared to contemporary secondary batteries. However, the critical delamination of the Na metal electrode during discharge - when vacancies accumulate at the Na/ceramic interface - remains to be understood and avoided. The study investigates the underlying mechanism by applying a linear current ramp between two Na metal electrodes separated by a ceramic solid electrolyte to provoke vacancy buildup. Above a critical current density $j_\mathrm{crit}$ the anode voltage no longer increases linearly but in an exponential fashion. Arrhenius analysis of $j_\mathrm{crit}(T)$ for the three solid electrolytes $\mathrm{Na_{1.9}Al_{10.67}Li_{0.33}O_{17}}$, $\mathrm{Na_{3.4}Zr_2Si_{2.4}P_{0.6}O_{12}}$, and $\mathrm{Na_5SmSi_4O_{12}}$ yields an activation energy $E_\mathrm{A}$ of $0.13$ to $0.15\,\mathrm{eV}$. This exceeds the activation energy of $0.053\,\mathrm{eV}$ for the diffusive vacancy migration in bulk Na significantly. Further, $E_\mathrm{A}$ is insensitive to anode microstructure variation. Both observations rule out bulk diffusion as the transport bottleneck. A thin tin-sodium alloy interlayer lowers $E_\mathrm{A}$ to $(0.10\pm0.01)\,\mathrm{eV}$, implicating interfacial thermodynamics as rate-limiting. Sodiophilic, Na-conducting interlayers and low-tension interfaces emerge as key pathways to stable, high-rate Na-SSBs at practical stack pressures.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_23340
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Experimental Insights into the Limiting Mechanism of Vacancy Transport in Sodium Metal Anodes for Solid State Batteries
Lowack, Ansgar
Anton, Rafael
Xue, Bingchen
Nikolowski, Kristian
Dirksen, Cornelius
Partsch, Mareike
Michaelis, Alexander
Materials Science
Ceramic solid-state batteries with sodium (Na) metal electrodes promise enhanced safety and energy density compared to contemporary secondary batteries. However, the critical delamination of the Na metal electrode during discharge - when vacancies accumulate at the Na/ceramic interface - remains to be understood and avoided. The study investigates the underlying mechanism by applying a linear current ramp between two Na metal electrodes separated by a ceramic solid electrolyte to provoke vacancy buildup. Above a critical current density $j_\mathrm{crit}$ the anode voltage no longer increases linearly but in an exponential fashion. Arrhenius analysis of $j_\mathrm{crit}(T)$ for the three solid electrolytes $\mathrm{Na_{1.9}Al_{10.67}Li_{0.33}O_{17}}$, $\mathrm{Na_{3.4}Zr_2Si_{2.4}P_{0.6}O_{12}}$, and $\mathrm{Na_5SmSi_4O_{12}}$ yields an activation energy $E_\mathrm{A}$ of $0.13$ to $0.15\,\mathrm{eV}$. This exceeds the activation energy of $0.053\,\mathrm{eV}$ for the diffusive vacancy migration in bulk Na significantly. Further, $E_\mathrm{A}$ is insensitive to anode microstructure variation. Both observations rule out bulk diffusion as the transport bottleneck. A thin tin-sodium alloy interlayer lowers $E_\mathrm{A}$ to $(0.10\pm0.01)\,\mathrm{eV}$, implicating interfacial thermodynamics as rate-limiting. Sodiophilic, Na-conducting interlayers and low-tension interfaces emerge as key pathways to stable, high-rate Na-SSBs at practical stack pressures.
title Experimental Insights into the Limiting Mechanism of Vacancy Transport in Sodium Metal Anodes for Solid State Batteries
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23340