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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23475 |
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| _version_ | 1866918407100694528 |
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| author | Lee, Moon Hwan Khan, Mohd. Afzal Ashiquzzaman, Akm Lee, Eunbin Lee, Jonghun Chung, Euiheon Kwon, Hyuk-Sang Hwang, Jae Youn |
| author_facet | Lee, Moon Hwan Khan, Mohd. Afzal Ashiquzzaman, Akm Lee, Eunbin Lee, Jonghun Chung, Euiheon Kwon, Hyuk-Sang Hwang, Jae Youn |
| contents | Acoustic holography provides a practical means of flexibly controlling acoustic wavefronts. However, high-fidelity shaping of acoustic fields remains constrained by the numerical-physical gap inherent in conventional phase-only designs. These approaches realize a two-dimensional phase-delay profile as a three-dimensional thickness-varying lens, while neglecting wave-matter interactions arising from the lens structure. Here, we introduce an end-to-end, physics-aware differentiable structural optimization framework that directly incorporates three-dimensional lens geometries into the acoustic simulation and optimization loop. Using a novel differentiable relaxation, termed Differentiable Hologram Lens Approximation (DHLA), the lens geometry is treated as a differentiable design variable, ensuring intrinsic consistency between numerical design and physical realization. The resulting Thickness-Only Acoustic Holograms (TOAHs) significantly outperform state-of-the-art phase-only acoustic holograms (POAHs) in field reconstruction fidelity and precision under complex conditions. We further demonstrate the application of the framework to spatially selective neuromodulation in a neuropathic pain mouse model, highlighting its potential for non-invasive transcranial neuromodulation. In summary, by reconciling numerical design with physical realization, this work establishes a robust strategy for high-fidelity acoustic wavefront shaping in complex environments. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_23475 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Bridging the numerical-physical gap in acoustic holography via end-to-end differentiable structural optimization Lee, Moon Hwan Khan, Mohd. Afzal Ashiquzzaman, Akm Lee, Eunbin Lee, Jonghun Chung, Euiheon Kwon, Hyuk-Sang Hwang, Jae Youn Systems and Control Applied Physics Acoustic holography provides a practical means of flexibly controlling acoustic wavefronts. However, high-fidelity shaping of acoustic fields remains constrained by the numerical-physical gap inherent in conventional phase-only designs. These approaches realize a two-dimensional phase-delay profile as a three-dimensional thickness-varying lens, while neglecting wave-matter interactions arising from the lens structure. Here, we introduce an end-to-end, physics-aware differentiable structural optimization framework that directly incorporates three-dimensional lens geometries into the acoustic simulation and optimization loop. Using a novel differentiable relaxation, termed Differentiable Hologram Lens Approximation (DHLA), the lens geometry is treated as a differentiable design variable, ensuring intrinsic consistency between numerical design and physical realization. The resulting Thickness-Only Acoustic Holograms (TOAHs) significantly outperform state-of-the-art phase-only acoustic holograms (POAHs) in field reconstruction fidelity and precision under complex conditions. We further demonstrate the application of the framework to spatially selective neuromodulation in a neuropathic pain mouse model, highlighting its potential for non-invasive transcranial neuromodulation. In summary, by reconciling numerical design with physical realization, this work establishes a robust strategy for high-fidelity acoustic wavefront shaping in complex environments. |
| title | Bridging the numerical-physical gap in acoustic holography via end-to-end differentiable structural optimization |
| topic | Systems and Control Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23475 |