Quantum Saturation of the Electro-Optic Effect
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866908910481309696 |
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| author | Ross, Aiden Hazra, Sankalpa Suceava, Albert Sotir, Dylan Schlom, Darrell G. Gopalan, Venkatraman Chen, Long-Qing |
| author_facet | Ross, Aiden Hazra, Sankalpa Suceava, Albert Sotir, Dylan Schlom, Darrell G. Gopalan, Venkatraman Chen, Long-Qing |
| contents | Future quantum computing architectures require electro-optic materials that maintain a strong, stable performance at cryogenic temperatures. In conventional electro-optic materials, large electro-optic coefficients are often confined to narrow temperature windows near structural phase transitions, where small changes in temperature lead to large changes in the electro-optic response. Using thermodynamic analysis, phase-field simulations, experimental growth and cryogenic optical measurements we show that quantum fluctuations can be harnessed to overcome this trade-off. By tuning the ferroelectric phase boundaries down to 0 K, quantum fluctuations induce a saturation regime in which a large electro-optic response becomes nearly temperature-independent below 25 K. We demonstrate that the phase boundaries can be tuned through either strain in BaTiO3 or through chemical composition in Ba1-xCaxTiO3, leading to a large, temperature insensitive, cryogenic electro-optic effect comparable to bulk BaTiO3 at room temperature; the performance exceeds BaTiO3-on-Si by over an order of magnitude. These findings establish a general design principle for engineering high-performance electro-optic materials for cryogenic applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_23486 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum Saturation of the Electro-Optic Effect Ross, Aiden Hazra, Sankalpa Suceava, Albert Sotir, Dylan Schlom, Darrell G. Gopalan, Venkatraman Chen, Long-Qing Materials Science Future quantum computing architectures require electro-optic materials that maintain a strong, stable performance at cryogenic temperatures. In conventional electro-optic materials, large electro-optic coefficients are often confined to narrow temperature windows near structural phase transitions, where small changes in temperature lead to large changes in the electro-optic response. Using thermodynamic analysis, phase-field simulations, experimental growth and cryogenic optical measurements we show that quantum fluctuations can be harnessed to overcome this trade-off. By tuning the ferroelectric phase boundaries down to 0 K, quantum fluctuations induce a saturation regime in which a large electro-optic response becomes nearly temperature-independent below 25 K. We demonstrate that the phase boundaries can be tuned through either strain in BaTiO3 or through chemical composition in Ba1-xCaxTiO3, leading to a large, temperature insensitive, cryogenic electro-optic effect comparable to bulk BaTiO3 at room temperature; the performance exceeds BaTiO3-on-Si by over an order of magnitude. These findings establish a general design principle for engineering high-performance electro-optic materials for cryogenic applications. |
| title | Quantum Saturation of the Electro-Optic Effect |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23486 |