Revealing the nature of the starburst galaxies in the $z=2.4$ overdensity HATLAS J0849

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Kaasinen, Melanie, Rizzo, Francesca, Valentino, Francesco, Bacchini, Cecilia, Chen, Jianhang, Tsukui, Takafumi, Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Kaasinen, Melanie
Rizzo, Francesca
Valentino, Francesco
Bacchini, Cecilia
Chen, Jianhang
Tsukui, Takafumi
Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis
author_facet Kaasinen, Melanie
Rizzo, Francesca
Valentino, Francesco
Bacchini, Cecilia
Chen, Jianhang
Tsukui, Takafumi
Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis
contents Today's most massive ellipticals are proposed to originate from starbursting galaxies in $z\gtrsim2$ overdensities. To discern what triggers these starbursts, and their $z=0$ descendants, we performed a detailed case study of five gas-rich galaxies in the $z=2.41$ overdensity, HATLAS J084933.4+021443. Using 0.15" resolution CO(4-3), [C I] 1-0, and dust-continuum observations, we characterised their cold gas morphology and kinematics. We find two rotating discs, W and C, both exhibiting non-axisymmetric radial gas motions (consistent with bars). Of the two extreme starbursts, W is a lopsided, rotation-dominated disc with a rotation velocity of $\sim520$ km s$^{-1}$, whereas T is most likely a late-stage merger. Combined with recent studies, we find that $\gtrsim42\%$ of gas-rich, massive starbursts in overdensities are rotation-dominated discs, a fraction not yet systematically reproduced by galaxy evolution models. Beyond $z=1$, disc galaxies with rotation velocities of $>400$ km s$^{-1}$ reside almost exclusively in overdensities, consistent with early mass assembly in dense environments. By comparing to local early-type galaxies with cold gas discs, we confirm that these systems already reside in halos comparable to the most massive $z\sim0$ ellipticals at the centres of groups and clusters. Despite their extreme star-formation rates, these discs lie on the same $σ-$SFR locus as lower-SFR field galaxies, implying that stellar feedback remains the dominant turbulence driver. We postulate that this is because inflowing gas is effectively transported through ordered streaming, such that only a small fraction of kinetic energy feeds disc-wide turbulence.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_23608
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Revealing the nature of the starburst galaxies in the $z=2.4$ overdensity HATLAS J0849
Kaasinen, Melanie
Rizzo, Francesca
Valentino, Francesco
Bacchini, Cecilia
Chen, Jianhang
Tsukui, Takafumi
Amvrosiadis, Aristeidis
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Today's most massive ellipticals are proposed to originate from starbursting galaxies in $z\gtrsim2$ overdensities. To discern what triggers these starbursts, and their $z=0$ descendants, we performed a detailed case study of five gas-rich galaxies in the $z=2.41$ overdensity, HATLAS J084933.4+021443. Using 0.15" resolution CO(4-3), [C I] 1-0, and dust-continuum observations, we characterised their cold gas morphology and kinematics. We find two rotating discs, W and C, both exhibiting non-axisymmetric radial gas motions (consistent with bars). Of the two extreme starbursts, W is a lopsided, rotation-dominated disc with a rotation velocity of $\sim520$ km s$^{-1}$, whereas T is most likely a late-stage merger. Combined with recent studies, we find that $\gtrsim42\%$ of gas-rich, massive starbursts in overdensities are rotation-dominated discs, a fraction not yet systematically reproduced by galaxy evolution models. Beyond $z=1$, disc galaxies with rotation velocities of $>400$ km s$^{-1}$ reside almost exclusively in overdensities, consistent with early mass assembly in dense environments. By comparing to local early-type galaxies with cold gas discs, we confirm that these systems already reside in halos comparable to the most massive $z\sim0$ ellipticals at the centres of groups and clusters. Despite their extreme star-formation rates, these discs lie on the same $σ-$SFR locus as lower-SFR field galaxies, implying that stellar feedback remains the dominant turbulence driver. We postulate that this is because inflowing gas is effectively transported through ordered streaming, such that only a small fraction of kinetic energy feeds disc-wide turbulence.
title Revealing the nature of the starburst galaxies in the $z=2.4$ overdensity HATLAS J0849
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23608