A generalized method for estimating solar wind speeds and densities using spectral broadening for a Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866908912436903936 |
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| author | Aggarwal, Keshav Choudhary, R. K. Datta, Abhirup V., Roopa M. Imamura, Takeshi Ando, Hiroki |
| author_facet | Aggarwal, Keshav Choudhary, R. K. Datta, Abhirup V., Roopa M. Imamura, Takeshi Ando, Hiroki |
| contents | We present a unified method to derive both solar wind velocities and coronal electron densities in the near-Sun corona using Doppler spectral broadening of spacecraft radio signals. The method is generalized to be frequency independent under the assumption that electron density fluctuations follow a Kolmogorov spectrum. We validate the approach using S-band data from India's Mars Orbiter Mission during the October 2021 superior conjunction at 5-8 R$_\odot$, and X-band data from Japan's Akatsuki during June 2016 and October 2022 conjunctions spanning 1.4-10 R$_\odot$. From S-band we obtained wind speeds of 100-150 km s$^{-1}$ and electron densities of order $10^{10}$ m$^{-3}$. X-band results show speeds ranging from $\sim$150 km s$^{-1}$ near the equator to $\sim$400 km s$^{-1}$ in coronal-hole regions, with consistent radial trends in density. We provide a compact, frequency-scaled relation that maps Doppler spectral width to both $v$ and $N_e$. The formulation enables consistent application across telecommunication bands and complements in-situ probes for coronal plasma studies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_23929 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A generalized method for estimating solar wind speeds and densities using spectral broadening for a Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum Aggarwal, Keshav Choudhary, R. K. Datta, Abhirup V., Roopa M. Imamura, Takeshi Ando, Hiroki Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Space Physics We present a unified method to derive both solar wind velocities and coronal electron densities in the near-Sun corona using Doppler spectral broadening of spacecraft radio signals. The method is generalized to be frequency independent under the assumption that electron density fluctuations follow a Kolmogorov spectrum. We validate the approach using S-band data from India's Mars Orbiter Mission during the October 2021 superior conjunction at 5-8 R$_\odot$, and X-band data from Japan's Akatsuki during June 2016 and October 2022 conjunctions spanning 1.4-10 R$_\odot$. From S-band we obtained wind speeds of 100-150 km s$^{-1}$ and electron densities of order $10^{10}$ m$^{-3}$. X-band results show speeds ranging from $\sim$150 km s$^{-1}$ near the equator to $\sim$400 km s$^{-1}$ in coronal-hole regions, with consistent radial trends in density. We provide a compact, frequency-scaled relation that maps Doppler spectral width to both $v$ and $N_e$. The formulation enables consistent application across telecommunication bands and complements in-situ probes for coronal plasma studies. |
| title | A generalized method for estimating solar wind speeds and densities using spectral broadening for a Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Space Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23929 |