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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24007 |
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| _version_ | 1866914420526940160 |
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| author | Sun, Yachao Li, Xuesong Wang, Yanting Zhou, Jing Bai, Haiyang Jin, Yuliang |
| author_facet | Sun, Yachao Li, Xuesong Wang, Yanting Zhou, Jing Bai, Haiyang Jin, Yuliang |
| contents | Dynamic hysteresis, the rate-dependent lagged response of materials to external fields, underpins applications from energy-efficient transformers to gas storage systems. A fundamental yet unresolved question is how the hysteresis loop area $A$ scales with the field sweep rate $R$. Here, we reveal that a competition between the field sweep and thermal fluctuations governs a universal crossover between two scaling regimes: $A - A_0 \propto R^{1/3}$ for $R < R^*$ and $A - A_0 \propto R^{2/3}$ for $R > R^*$, where $A_0$ is the quasi-static area and the crossover rate $R^* \propto T/T_c$ depends on the temperature $T$ and the material's critical temperature $T_c$. We demonstrate these scaling laws universally across experiments of magnetic materials, simulations of Ising and metal-organic framework models, and analytical solutions of a stochastic Langevin equation. This framework not only resolves the long-standing non-universality of reported scaling exponents but also provides a direct design principle for the application of dynamic hysteresis. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_24007 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Universal scaling laws for dynamical-thermal hysteresis Sun, Yachao Li, Xuesong Wang, Yanting Zhou, Jing Bai, Haiyang Jin, Yuliang Statistical Mechanics Dynamic hysteresis, the rate-dependent lagged response of materials to external fields, underpins applications from energy-efficient transformers to gas storage systems. A fundamental yet unresolved question is how the hysteresis loop area $A$ scales with the field sweep rate $R$. Here, we reveal that a competition between the field sweep and thermal fluctuations governs a universal crossover between two scaling regimes: $A - A_0 \propto R^{1/3}$ for $R < R^*$ and $A - A_0 \propto R^{2/3}$ for $R > R^*$, where $A_0$ is the quasi-static area and the crossover rate $R^* \propto T/T_c$ depends on the temperature $T$ and the material's critical temperature $T_c$. We demonstrate these scaling laws universally across experiments of magnetic materials, simulations of Ising and metal-organic framework models, and analytical solutions of a stochastic Langevin equation. This framework not only resolves the long-standing non-universality of reported scaling exponents but also provides a direct design principle for the application of dynamic hysteresis. |
| title | Universal scaling laws for dynamical-thermal hysteresis |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24007 |