Bouncing Cosmological Models and Energy Conditions in $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity

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Main Authors: Kadam, S. A., Kshirsagar, V. A., Yadav, Santosh Kumar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Kadam, S. A.
Kshirsagar, V. A.
Yadav, Santosh Kumar
author_facet Kadam, S. A.
Kshirsagar, V. A.
Yadav, Santosh Kumar
contents This study explores the bouncing solutions within the framework of modified $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity. We examine four prominent bouncing models, the symmetric bounce, super bounce, oscillatory bounce, and matter bounce, each of which has been extensively analyzed in the context of modified gravity theories. Our investigation focuses on the behavior of the Hubble parameter, the evolution of the scale factor, and the equation of state (EoS) parameters. Notably, the dynamics of the scale factor and Hubble parameter effectively support the bouncing scenario. During the bouncing epoch, the EoS parameters fall within the phantom region, reinforcing the viability of the bounce. To further validate the bouncing scenario, we assess the energy conditions associated with each model. Our findings reveal a violation of the null energy condition at the bouncing epoch, which successfully characterizes the model's bouncing behavior.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_24162
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bouncing Cosmological Models and Energy Conditions in $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity
Kadam, S. A.
Kshirsagar, V. A.
Yadav, Santosh Kumar
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
This study explores the bouncing solutions within the framework of modified $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity. We examine four prominent bouncing models, the symmetric bounce, super bounce, oscillatory bounce, and matter bounce, each of which has been extensively analyzed in the context of modified gravity theories. Our investigation focuses on the behavior of the Hubble parameter, the evolution of the scale factor, and the equation of state (EoS) parameters. Notably, the dynamics of the scale factor and Hubble parameter effectively support the bouncing scenario. During the bouncing epoch, the EoS parameters fall within the phantom region, reinforcing the viability of the bounce. To further validate the bouncing scenario, we assess the energy conditions associated with each model. Our findings reveal a violation of the null energy condition at the bouncing epoch, which successfully characterizes the model's bouncing behavior.
title Bouncing Cosmological Models and Energy Conditions in $f(Q, L_m)$ gravity
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24162